L'Hermette M F, Tourny-Chollet C, Polle G, Dujardin F H
Department of Orthopedics, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Rouen, GRHAL Laboratory, Rouen, France.
Int J Sports Med. 2006 Sep;27(9):738-44. doi: 10.1055/s-2005-872824.
The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge about degenerative and repair process of articular cartilage, and relationship between osteoarthritis and physical activities. Data Pubmed, ScienceDirect data base are interrogated for the period 1994 - 2003. Key words are: cartilage, osteoarthritis, exercise, rehabilitation. The mechanical biology of the cartilage and the chondrocytes, the effects of physical activity on the cartilage, the main studies on clinical trials on rehabilitation are reviewed. Chondrocyte and cartilage structure and function change with mechanical stresses. Mechanical loads can modulate cartilage matrix turnover. Joint injury increases the risk of osteoarthritis, and sports that subjects joints to repetitive high levels of impact loading increase the risk of injury and degeneration. In human, intensive physical exercises seem associated with osteoarthritis development. None of the current procedures for repairing articular cartilage restores a normal articular zone, however, selected procedures can predictably benefit selected subjects. This article presents the biology and discusses the alteration of cartilage as well as the osteoarthritis process which is not yet well understood. Current medical approaches to the treatment of osteoarthritis also are presented. Rehabilitation programme could be beneficial in the therapeutic management of osteoarthritis.
本文旨在综述目前关于关节软骨退变与修复过程以及骨关节炎与体育活动之间关系的知识。检索了1994年至2003年期间的PubMed、ScienceDirect数据库。关键词为：软骨、骨关节炎、运动、康复。本文回顾了软骨和软骨细胞的机械生物学、体育活动对软骨的影响以及康复临床试验的主要研究。软骨细胞和软骨结构与功能会随机械应力而改变。机械负荷可调节软骨基质更新。关节损伤会增加患骨关节炎的风险，使关节承受重复性高负荷冲击的运动也会增加受伤和退变的风险。在人类中，高强度体育锻炼似乎与骨关节炎的发展有关。目前，没有一种修复关节软骨的方法能恢复正常的关节区域，不过，特定的方法可以预期地使特定的患者受益。本文介绍了软骨生物学，并讨论了尚未被充分理解的软骨改变以及骨关节炎过程。还介绍了目前治疗骨关节炎的医学方法。康复计划可能对骨关节炎的治疗管理有益。
