Ogata Yasuko, Izumi Yukiko, Kitaike Tadashi
Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing, Chiba University.
Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi. 2006 Jul;53(7):480-92.
The purposes of this study were to assess the loneliness of Japanese high school students who own and use a mobile phone, to clarify the relationships between students' loneliness and their social network and frequency of use of e-mail feature, and to demonstrate relationships with a student's social network and recognition of the benefits and drawbacks of mobile phone use.
The participants were 227 students from two classes in each grade of a high school in the Kanto region of Japan. Participants answered a questionnaire covering the UCLA Loneliness Scale as well as questions pertaining to the circumstances of use of their mobile phones, their social networks (e.g., number of friends), and their perceptions of the benefits and drawbacks of mobile phone use. The questionnaires of students owning a mobile phone were analyzed. Total scores for the UCLA Loneliness Scale were calculated, and factor analysis was performed for the benefits and drawbacks.
A total of 220 questionnaires were returned, for which 94.1 percent of respondents owned a mobile phone. The percentages of male and female respondents were 58% and 42%. Chronbach's alpha for the UCLA Loneliness Scale (total score) was 0.87, a result similar to previous studies with high school and university students. Factor analysis revealed five factors associated with the benefits and drawbacks of mobile phone use. Multiple-regression analysis showed that 42.9% of the variance in "frequency of e-mail use" was explained by grade level, frequency of mobile phone use, and two of the five factors from the benefits and drawbacks ("difficulty of communication," and "possible sleep loss due to nighttime e-mailing"). Stepwise multiple-regression analysis revealed that 24.4% of the variance in UCLA Loneliness Score was explained by gender, the frequency of e-mail use, the number of friends and the presence/absence of a girlfriend or boyfriend.
Presence of an active social network and frequent e-mailing by mobile phone reduced students' loneliness. The frequency depended on their recognition of the benefits and drawbacks of mobile phone use and by the frequency of mobile phone use. This study established that students appreciate the usefulness of their mobile phone as an immediate communication tool, and are aware of its limitations. Although they experience frustration and lack of sleep (because of nighttime use), students use mobile phones to deepen their friendships.
本研究旨在评估拥有并使用手机的日本高中生的孤独感，阐明学生孤独感与其社交网络及电子邮件功能使用频率之间的关系，并展示与学生社交网络以及对手机使用利弊认知的关系。
参与者为日本关东地区一所高中每个年级两个班级的227名学生。参与者回答了一份问卷，内容涵盖加州大学洛杉矶分校孤独感量表以及与手机使用情况、社交网络（如朋友数量）和对手机使用利弊认知相关的问题。对拥有手机的学生的问卷进行了分析。计算了加州大学洛杉矶分校孤独感量表的总分，并对利弊进行了因子分析。
共收回220份问卷，其中94.1%的受访者拥有手机。男性和女性受访者的比例分别为58%和42%。加州大学洛杉矶分校孤独感量表（总分）的克朗巴哈系数为0.87，这一结果与之前针对高中生和大学生的研究相似。因子分析揭示了与手机使用利弊相关的五个因素。多元回归分析表明，“电子邮件使用频率”中42.9%的方差可由年级水平、手机使用频率以及利弊五个因素中的两个因素（“沟通困难”和“夜间发邮件可能导致睡眠不足”）来解释。逐步多元回归分析表明，加州大学洛杉矶分校孤独感得分中24.4%的方差可由性别、电子邮件使用频率、朋友数量以及是否有男女朋友来解释。
活跃的社交网络以及频繁使用手机发电子邮件可减轻学生的孤独感。这种频率取决于他们对手机使用利弊的认知以及手机使用频率。本研究表明，学生认可手机作为即时通讯工具的有用性，并意识到其局限性。尽管他们会感到沮丧且睡眠不足（由于夜间使用），但学生仍使用手机来加深友谊。
