Bergmann Christine, Sano Mary
Alzheimer Disease Research Center of Mount Sinai School of Medicine, NYC, James J Peters VAMC, Bronx, NY 10468, USA.
Neurol Res. 2006 Sep;28(6):595-604. doi: 10.1179/016164106X130498.
Dementia is one of the commonest neurological disorders in the elderly population. In regards to the increasing longevity of populations worldwide, prevention of dementia has become a major public health challenge. There has been an intense research in the identification of modifiable risk factors for dementia. These risk factors could then be used as targets for intervention, pharmacologic or non-pharmacologic. Numerous reports of the relation between cardiovascular risk factors and cognitive decline and dementia have been published over the past years. This review focuses on the cardiovascular risk factors hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes mellitus as targets for prevention of cognitive decline, overall dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Observational studies and clinical trials regarding the association between antihypertensive, lipid lowering and antidiabetic medications and the risk of impaired cognition, dementia or Alzheimer's disease are reviewed. Based on these data, we propose that early interventions at reducing these cardiovascular risk factors may have an impact on future incidence and prevalence of cognitive deficits of many etiologies including Alzheimer's disease.
痴呆症是老年人群中最常见的神经疾病之一。鉴于全球人口寿命不断延长，预防痴呆症已成为一项重大的公共卫生挑战。人们对确定痴呆症的可改变风险因素进行了深入研究。这些风险因素随后可作为干预目标，包括药物或非药物干预。在过去几年里，已经发表了大量关于心血管危险因素与认知衰退及痴呆症之间关系的报告。本综述重点关注心血管危险因素高血压、高脂血症和糖尿病，将其作为预防认知衰退、总体痴呆症和阿尔茨海默病的目标。本文回顾了关于抗高血压药、降脂药和抗糖尿病药与认知受损、痴呆症或阿尔茨海默病风险之间关联的观察性研究和临床试验。基于这些数据，我们提出，早期干预以降低这些心血管危险因素可能会对包括阿尔茨海默病在内的多种病因导致的认知缺陷的未来发病率和患病率产生影响。
