Watts D Heather, Springer Gayle, Minkoff Howard, Hillier Sharon L, Jacobson Lisa, Moxley Michael, Justman Jessica, Cejtin Helen, O'Connell Casey, Greenblatt Ruth M
Pediatric, Adolescent, and Maternal AIDS Branch, Center for Research on Mothers and Children, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2006 Oct 1;43(2):161-8. doi: 10.1097/01.qai.0000242448.90026.13.
To evaluate changes over time in rates of bacterial vaginosis (BV), trichomoniasis (TV), and yeast vaginitis (YV) among HIV-infected and similar HIV-uninfected women.
Two thousand fifty-six HIV-infected women and 554 HIV-uninfected women were evaluated semiannually from 1994 until March 2003 in a prospective cohort study. BV was diagnosed by Gram stain, TV by wet mount, and YV by symptoms with microscopically visible hyphae or positive culture. Trends were assessed using Poisson models.
At baseline, BV was present in 42.8% and 47.0% of HIV-infected and uninfected women (P = 0.21), TV in 6.1% and 7.8% (P = 0.17), and YV in 10.0% and 3.8% (P < 0.001). Over time, rates of BV and TV decreased significantly in both groups, whereas rates of YV declined only among HIV-infected women. Risk of BV was not associated with HIV status, whereas HIV-infected women had a lower risk of TV. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) use was associated with decreased risk of all 3 infections.
: Declines in BV, TV, and YV represent decreased morbidity for HIV-infected women and, potentially, decreased risk of transmission of HIV, because each has been associated with increased genital detection of HIV.
评估感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的女性和未感染HIV的类似女性中，细菌性阴道病（BV）、滴虫性阴道炎（TV）和念珠菌性阴道炎（YV）发病率随时间的变化情况。
在一项前瞻性队列研究中，从1994年至2003年3月，每半年对256名感染HIV的女性和554名未感染HIV的女性进行评估。BV通过革兰氏染色诊断，TV通过湿片法诊断，YV通过出现显微镜下可见菌丝的症状或培养阳性来诊断。使用泊松模型评估趋势。
基线时，感染HIV和未感染HIV的女性中BV的患病率分别为42.8%和47.0%（P = 0.21），TV分别为6.1%和7.8%（P = 0.17），YV分别为10.0%和3.8%（P < 0.001）。随着时间的推移，两组中BV和TV的发病率均显著下降，而YV的发病率仅在感染HIV的女性中有所下降。BV的风险与HIV感染状态无关，而感染HIV的女性患TV的风险较低。使用高效抗逆转录病毒疗法（HAART）与所有三种感染风险的降低相关。
BV、TV和YV发病率的下降表明感染HIV的女性发病率降低，并且可能降低HIV传播风险，因为每种疾病都与生殖器部位HIV检测率增加有关。
