Yechiam Eldad, Goodnight Jackson, Bates John E, Busemeyer Jerome R, Dodge Kenneth A, Pettit Gregory S, Newman Joseph P
Behavioral Science Area, Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Management, Technion--Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
Psychol Assess. 2006 Sep;18(3):239-49. doi: 10.1037/1040-3590.18.3.239.
This article proposes and tests a formal cognitive model for the go/no-go discrimination task. In this task, the performer chooses whether to respond to stimuli and receives rewards for responding to certain stimuli and punishments for responding to others. Three cognitive models were evaluated on the basis of data from a longitudinal study involving 400 adolescents. The results show that a cue-dependent model presupposing that participants can differentiate between cues was the most accurate and parsimonious. This model has 3 parameters denoting the relative impact of rewards and punishments on evaluations, the rate that contingent payoffs are learned, and the consistency between learning and responding. Commission errors were associated with increased attention to rewards; omission errors were associated with increased attention to punishments. Both error types were associated with low choice consistency. The parameters were also shown to have external validity: Attention to rewards was associated with externalizing behavior problems on the Achenbach scale, and choice consistency was associated with low Welsh anxiety. The present model can thus potentially improve the sensitivity of the task to differences between clinical populations.
本文提出并测试了一种用于“是/否”辨别任务的形式化认知模型。在该任务中，执行者要选择是否对刺激做出反应，对某些刺激做出反应会获得奖励，而对其他刺激做出反应则会受到惩罚。基于一项涉及400名青少年的纵向研究数据，对三种认知模型进行了评估。结果表明，一种假定参与者能够区分线索的线索依赖模型最为准确和简洁。该模型有3个参数，分别表示奖励和惩罚对评估的相对影响、条件收益的学习速率以及学习与反应之间的一致性。错误肯定与对奖励的关注度增加有关；错误否定与对惩罚的关注度增加有关。这两种错误类型都与低选择一致性有关。这些参数还具有外部效度：对奖励的关注与阿肯巴克量表上的外化行为问题有关，而选择一致性与低威尔士焦虑有关。因此，当前模型有可能提高该任务对临床群体差异的敏感性。
