Melnik Thomas A, Spence Maureen M, Hosler Akiko S
New York State Department of Health, Bureau of Chronic Disease Epidemiology and Surveillance, Corning Tower, Room 565, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY 12237-0679, USA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 2006 Sep;106(9):1419-25. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2006.06.007.
To assess the fat-related dietary behaviors of adult Puerto Ricans with and without diagnosed diabetes, living in New York City.
A random-digit-dialing telephone survey was conducted following Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System procedures. Dietary behavior was assessed using a brief Fat-Related Diet Habits Questionnaire, in which higher scores indicated higher fat intake.
SUBJECTS/SETTING: A total of 1,304 adult Puerto Ricans living in New York City were interviewed. Diabetes status was assessed using standard Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System questions.
Weighted analyses using SUDAAN software for complex surveys were done, and t tests were used to assess differences in mean fat-related dietary score by sociodemographic and health characteristics. Age-adjusted least-squared means were used to compare scores between those with and without diabetes. Linear regression was used to model characteristics associated with fat-related dietary score.
Fat-related dietary score was lower among those with diabetes and varied by population and health characteristics. Age-adjusted scores were significantly lower for those with diabetes who were younger, less educated, obese, or physically active. In the regression model, family history, weight, and exercise interacted with diabetes status. Those with diabetes were significantly more likely to modify meat consumption practices (eg, remove skin or trim fat) to reduce fat compared with those without diabetes.
New York City Puerto Ricans with diabetes are somewhat more likely to engage in behaviors to reduce fat compared with those without diabetes. Targeted, culturally sensitive nutrition education and counseling emphasizing lower-fat food choices and other fat-reducing behaviors can help reduce risk and control diabetes. Education messages should be tailored to the individual's diabetes status and other health and sociodemographic characteristics.
评估居住在纽约市、已确诊糖尿病和未确诊糖尿病的成年波多黎各人与脂肪相关的饮食行为。
按照行为风险因素监测系统程序进行随机数字拨号电话调查。使用一份简短的与脂肪相关的饮食习惯问卷评估饮食行为，得分越高表明脂肪摄入量越高。
研究对象/研究背景：对总共1304名居住在纽约市的成年波多黎各人进行了访谈。使用行为风险因素监测系统的标准问题评估糖尿病状况。
使用SUDAAN软件对复杂调查进行加权分析，并使用t检验评估按社会人口统计学和健康特征划分的平均脂肪相关饮食得分差异。使用年龄调整后的最小二乘均值比较糖尿病患者和非糖尿病患者的得分。使用线性回归对与脂肪相关饮食得分相关的特征进行建模。
糖尿病患者的脂肪相关饮食得分较低，且因人群和健康特征而异。年龄调整后的得分在年龄较小、受教育程度较低、肥胖或身体活动较多的糖尿病患者中显著较低。在回归模型中，家族史、体重和运动与糖尿病状况相互作用。与非糖尿病患者相比，糖尿病患者更有可能改变肉类消费习惯（如去皮或去除脂肪）以减少脂肪。
与未患糖尿病的纽约市波多黎各人相比，患糖尿病的人更有可能采取减少脂肪的行为。有针对性的、具有文化敏感性的营养教育和咨询，强调选择低脂肪食物和其他减少脂肪的行为，有助于降低风险和控制糖尿病。教育信息应根据个人的糖尿病状况以及其他健康和社会人口统计学特征进行调整。
