Fitzgerald Nurgül, Damio Grace, Segura-Pérez Sofia, Pérez-Escamilla Rafael
Family and Community Health Sciences Department, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 26 Nichol Avenue, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 2008 Jun;108(6):960-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2008.03.016.
To examine the associations of nutrition knowledge, food label use, and food intake patterns among Latinas with and without diagnosed diabetes.
This was a case-control study.
SUBJECTS/SETTING: A convenience sample of 201 (100 cases with diagnosed type 2 diabetes, 101 controls without diagnosed diabetes) nonpregnant, nonbreastfeeding Latinas without severe health conditions, aged 35 to 60 years were interviewed by bicultural interviewers. Diverse community-based recruitment methods were used.
Independent samples t test, Mann-Whitney U, and chi(2) tests, and multivariate logistic regression were performed.
Food labels self-efficacy and stage of change, and average nutrition knowledge scores were similar between cases and controls (P>0.05). Within the diabetes group, nutrition knowledge was greater among those who had seen a registered dietitian or a diabetes educator (P=0.020). Cases reported consuming artificially sweetened desserts and beverages more frequently than controls (P<0.001). Pooled sample cross-sectional analyses showed that nutrition knowledge was positively related to food label use, which in turn was related to a more healthful food intake pattern (P<0.05). After adjusting for likely confounders, socioeconomic status (SES) was positively related to nutrition knowledge (P=0.001) and intakes of fruits, vegetables, and meats (P<or=0.01). SES was not related to food label use independently of nutrition knowledge. Acculturation was positively related to soft drink and salty snack intakes (P<0.01).
There is a need to improve nutrition knowledge and skills for both groups, especially for those with low SES. Culturally appropriate interventions should emphasize the healthful nutritional behaviors from one's primary culture for effective retention of such traits.
研究患有和未患有确诊糖尿病的拉丁裔女性的营养知识、食品标签使用情况和食物摄入模式之间的关联。
这是一项病例对照研究。
研究对象/背景：选取了201名年龄在35至60岁之间、非孕期、非哺乳期、无严重健康问题的拉丁裔女性作为便利样本（100例确诊为2型糖尿病的患者，101例未患有确诊糖尿病的对照），由具备两种文化背景的访谈员进行访谈。采用了多种基于社区的招募方法。
进行了独立样本t检验、曼-惠特尼U检验、卡方检验以及多因素逻辑回归分析。
病例组和对照组在食品标签自我效能感、改变阶段以及平均营养知识得分方面相似（P>0.05）。在糖尿病组中，看过注册营养师或糖尿病教育者的患者营养知识更丰富（P=0.020）。病例组报告食用人工甜味甜点和饮料的频率高于对照组（P<0.001）。汇总样本横断面分析表明，营养知识与食品标签使用呈正相关，而食品标签使用又与更健康的食物摄入模式相关（P<0.05）。在对可能的混杂因素进行调整后，社会经济地位（SES）与营养知识呈正相关（P=0.001），与水果、蔬菜和肉类的摄入量也呈正相关（P≤0.01）。SES与食品标签使用的关系不独立于营养知识。文化适应与软饮料和咸味零食的摄入量呈正相关（P<0.01）。
两组都需要提高营养知识和技能，尤其是社会经济地位较低的人群。具有文化适宜性的干预措施应强调来自原生文化的健康营养行为，以有效保持这些特征。
