Mackiewicz Kristen L, Sarinopoulos Issidoros, Cleven Krystal L, Nitschke Jack B
Department of Psychology, UCB 345, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Sep 19;103(38):14200-5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0601648103. Epub 2006 Sep 8.
Prior research has shown memory is enhanced for emotional events. Key brain areas involved in emotional memory are the amygdala and hippocampus, which are also recruited during aversion and its anticipation. This study investigated whether anticipatory processes signaling an upcoming aversive event contribute to emotional memory. In an event-related functional MRI paradigm, 40 healthy participants viewed aversive and neutral pictures preceded by predictive warning cues. Participants completed a surprise recognition task directly after functional MRI scanning or 2 weeks later. In anticipation of aversive pictures, bilateral dorsal amygdala and anterior hippocampus activations were associated with better immediate recognition memory. Similar associations with memory were observed for activation of those areas in response to aversive pictures. Anticipatory activation predicted immediate memory over and above these associations for picture viewing. Bilateral ventral amygdala activations in response to aversive pictures predicted delayed memory only. We found that previously reported sex differences of memory associations with left amygdala for women and with right amygdala for men were confined to the ventral amygdala during picture viewing and delayed memory. Results support an established animal model elucidating the functional neuroanatomy of the amygdala and hippocampus in emotional memory, highlight the importance of anticipatory processes in such memory for aversive events, and extend neuroanatomical evidence of sex differences for emotional memory.
先前的研究表明，情绪事件能增强记忆。参与情绪记忆的关键脑区是杏仁核和海马体，在厌恶及其预期过程中它们也会被激活。本研究调查了预示即将发生厌恶事件的预期过程是否有助于情绪记忆。在一项事件相关功能磁共振成像范式中，40名健康参与者观看了在预测性警告提示之前出现的厌恶和中性图片。参与者在功能磁共振成像扫描后或两周后直接完成了一项意外识别任务。在预期厌恶图片时，双侧背侧杏仁核和前海马体的激活与更好的即时识别记忆相关。对厌恶图片的反应中，这些区域的激活与记忆也有类似关联。预期激活在这些图片观看关联之外还能预测即时记忆。对厌恶图片的反应中双侧腹侧杏仁核的激活仅能预测延迟记忆。我们发现，先前报道的女性左杏仁核和男性右杏仁核与记忆关联的性别差异在图片观看和延迟记忆过程中仅限于腹侧杏仁核。结果支持了一个既定的动物模型，该模型阐明了杏仁核和海马体在情绪记忆中的功能神经解剖学，强调了预期过程在厌恶事件这种记忆中的重要性，并扩展了情绪记忆性别差异的神经解剖学证据。
