van Dijk Eric, De Cremer David
Deparment of Social and Organization Psychology, Leiden University, PO Box 9555, 2300 RB Leiden, the Netherlands.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2006 Oct;32(10):1352-61. doi: 10.1177/0146167206290338.
Previous research on the allocation of scarce resources suggests that people who are assigned to higher positions (e.g., leaders) are more likely to make self-benefiting allocations than people who are assigned to lower positions (e.g., followers). In this article, the authors investigated the proposition that these findings would be moderated by people's social value orientations. In two experimental studies, the authors assigned participants either to the role of leader or follower and assessed the participants' social value orientations. In agreement with predictions, the findings show that position effects are moderated by social value orientation. Social value orientations only affected the allocation behavior of the leaders: Proself leaders allocated more resources to themselves than did prosocial leaders. Additional analyses indicate that these effects are mediated by feelings of entitlement.
先前关于稀缺资源分配的研究表明，被赋予较高职位的人（如领导者）比被赋予较低职位的人（如追随者）更有可能做出利己的分配。在本文中，作者研究了这样一种观点，即这些发现会受到人们社会价值取向的调节。在两项实验研究中，作者将参与者分配为领导者或追随者的角色，并评估了参与者的社会价值取向。与预测一致，研究结果表明，职位效应受到社会价值取向的调节。社会价值取向仅影响领导者的分配行为：亲己型领导者比亲社会型领导者给自己分配了更多资源。进一步的分析表明，这些效应是由权利感介导的。
