Sépaniak S, Forges T, Monnier-Barbarino P
Laboratoire de biologie de la reproduction, hôpital Edouard-Herriot, 5, place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon cedex 03, France.
Gynecol Obstet Fertil. 2006 Oct;34(10):945-9. doi: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2006.06.018. Epub 2006 Sep 14.
Cigarette smoking consequences on female and male reproduction have been evaluated for twenty years only and thus poorly spread in the general population. However, several studies have noticed noxious effects of tobacco before and after conception, in both women and men, from smokers gametes to their offspring. This negative impact occurs in spontaneous as well as in assisted reproduction (ART). For women, pregnancy rate is decreased, early spontaneous abortions are increased and ovarian reserve is altered. For men, standard sperm parameters are modified and spermatozoon nuclear quality is compromised. One of the mechanisms involved in those anomalies could be the oxidative stress produced by some cigarette smoking components. The consequences on smokers offspring are hardly evaluated yet: pathologies of the respiratory system, decrease of fecundity and cancers outcomes. In conclusion, it seems obvious that smokers - men as women - have to quit smoking before having a parental project.
吸烟对男性和女性生殖的影响仅在过去二十年中得到评估，因此在普通人群中的传播并不广泛。然而，多项研究已经注意到，从吸烟者的配子到其后代，无论男女，在受孕前后吸烟都有有害影响。这种负面影响在自然受孕和辅助生殖（ART）中都会出现。对女性来说，妊娠率降低，早期自然流产增加，卵巢储备也会改变。对男性来说，标准精子参数会发生改变，精子核质量也会受到损害。这些异常情况涉及的机制之一可能是某些吸烟成分产生的氧化应激。对吸烟者后代的影响目前还很难评估：呼吸系统疾病、生育能力下降和癌症风险。总之，显然无论是男性还是女性吸烟者，在有生育计划之前都必须戒烟。
