Berthiller J, Sasco A-J
Equipe Tabac et Etiologie du Cancer, Groupe Tabac, Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer, 150, cours Albert-Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 8.
J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris). 2005 Apr;34 Spec No 1:3S47-54.
Maternal and paternal smoking are associated with numerous problems of reproduction and pregnancy. Among men, active smoking reduces the quality and mobility of the spermatozoa which could result in loss of fertility. It also increases the risk of impotence. Moreover, active smoking of the father is responsible for passive smoking for the mother and her baby. Among women, active smoking has a negative impact on fertility and in case of treatments against infertility, the chances of success are reduced. It leads to delayed conception and increases the risk of ectopic pregnancies and placental complications. It reduces the risk of pre-eclampsia but it also worsens its consequences. Passive smoking has not been associated with certainty with any clear impact on fertility among men and women. By contrast, active and passive smoking can lead to intra-uterine growth retardation and a lower birth weight.
父母吸烟会引发众多生殖和妊娠问题。在男性中，主动吸烟会降低精子的质量和活力，进而可能导致生育能力丧失。此外，还会增加阳痿的风险。而且，父亲主动吸烟会使母亲和婴儿遭受被动吸烟。在女性中，主动吸烟对生育能力有负面影响，在进行不孕治疗时，成功几率会降低。这会导致受孕延迟，并增加宫外孕和胎盘并发症的风险。它会降低先兆子痫的风险，但也会加重其后果。被动吸烟与对男性和女性生育能力的任何明确影响尚未有确凿关联。相比之下，主动吸烟和被动吸烟都可能导致胎儿宫内生长受限和低出生体重。
