Sulmasy Daniel P
The John J. Conley Department of Ethics, St Vincent's Hospital-Manhattan and New York Medical College, New York 10011, USA.
JAMA. 2006 Sep 20;296(11):1385-92. doi: 10.1001/jama.296.11.1385.
Spiritual issues arise frequently in the care of dying patients, yet health care professionals may not recognize them, may not believe they have a duty to address these issues, and may not understand how best to respond to their patients' spiritual needs. The case of a patient with a strong religious belief in a miraculous cure of metastatic pancreatic cancer is used to explore how better understanding of this belief and more explicitly spiritual conversation with the patient by his treating team might have provided opportunities for an improved plan of care. This article distinguishes spirituality from religion; describes the salient spiritual needs of patients at the end of life as encompassing questions of meaning, value, and relationship; delineates the role physicians ought to play in ascertaining and responding to those needs; and discusses the particular issue of miracles, arguing that expectations of miraculous cure ought not preclude referral to hospice care.
在临终患者的护理中,精神问题经常出现,但医护人员可能没有意识到这些问题,可能不认为自己有责任处理这些问题,也可能不明白如何最好地回应患者的精神需求。本文通过一个对转移性胰腺癌奇迹治愈有着强烈宗教信仰的患者案例,探讨其治疗团队若能更好地理解这种信仰并与患者进行更明确的精神层面交流,如何可能为改进护理计划提供机会。本文区分了精神性与宗教;将临终患者突出的精神需求描述为涵盖意义、价值和关系等问题;阐述了医生在确定和回应这些需求时应发挥的作用;并讨论了奇迹这一特殊问题,认为对奇迹治愈的期望不应妨碍转介至临终关怀护理。