Håkansson Eklund Jakob
Stockholm University, Sweden.
Scand J Psychol. 2006 Oct;47(5):399-409. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9450.2006.00521.x.
Empathy and viewing another person as a subject rather than an object are often associated in theoretical contexts, but empirical research of the relation is scarce. The purpose of the present research was to investigate the relationship between subject/object view and empathy. In Study 1, participants watched film clips and indicated their empathy for specific characters in the clips, as well as the extent to which they saw these persons as subjects and objects. The subject/object view explained some, but not all, of the differences in empathy, which raised the question of what else accounts for differences in empathy. A second study was conducted to investigate whether the difficulty of the other's situation also contributes. In Study 2, another group watched the film clips and rated the difficulty of the film character's situations in addition to empathy and subject/object view. The results of Study 2 revealed that subject view/object and perceived difficulty together explain a substantial part of differences in empathy. It was concluded that empathy is evoked primarily when a person in difficulty is viewed as a subject.
在理论背景下，同理心与将他人视为主体而非客体的观念常常相互关联，但对二者关系的实证研究却很匮乏。本研究的目的是调查主体/客体观念与同理心之间的关系。在研究1中，参与者观看电影片段，并表明他们对片段中特定角色的同理心，以及他们将这些人视为主体和客体的程度。主体/客体观念解释了同理心差异的部分而非全部原因，这就引出了一个问题：还有什么因素导致了同理心的差异。进行了第二项研究，以调查他人处境的困难程度是否也有影响。在研究2中，另一组参与者观看电影片段，并对电影角色处境的困难程度、同理心以及主体/客体观念进行评分。研究2的结果表明，主体观念/客体观念和感知到的困难共同解释了同理心差异的很大一部分。研究得出的结论是，当处于困境中的人被视为主体时，同理心才会被主要激发。
