Rénia Laurent, Grüner Anne Charlotte, Mauduit Marjorie, Snounou Georges
Institut Cochin, Département d'Immunologie, Hôpital Cochin, 27 rue du Fg Saint Jacques, 75014 Paris, France.
Expert Rev Vaccines. 2006 Aug;5(4):473-81. doi: 10.1586/14760584.5.4.473.
Despite nearly 80 years of vaccine research and control efforts, malaria remains one of the most prevalent of all infectious diseases. The fact that people living in regions in which malaria is endemic eventually develop immunity to the parasite and the disease suggest that it might be possible to develop vaccines against malaria. Although few vaccination trials were conducted with whole parasites, the only protocol that leads to the induction of sterile immunity in humans relies on immunization with attenuated parasites. This observation has spurred the search for subunit vaccines that aim to reproduce this protection. As yet, none of the current candidate subunit vaccines have achieved complete protection reproducibly. This failure, coupled with the recent advent of the genetically modified Plasmodium parasites, has led to a renewed interest in the use of live parasites for vaccination. This article reviews past studies, summarizes recent developments in this field and discusses the challenges to be overcome before mass immunization with live parasites could be envisaged.
尽管经过了近80年的疫苗研究和防控努力，但疟疾仍是所有传染病中最普遍的疾病之一。生活在疟疾流行地区的人们最终会对疟原虫和该疾病产生免疫力，这一事实表明开发抗疟疾疫苗或许是可行的。虽然使用完整寄生虫进行的疫苗接种试验很少，但唯一能在人体中诱导无菌免疫力的方案依赖于用减毒寄生虫进行免疫接种。这一观察结果促使人们寻找旨在重现这种保护作用的亚单位疫苗。到目前为止，现有的候选亚单位疫苗都未能可靠地实现完全保护。这一失败，再加上转基因疟原虫的近期出现，使得人们对使用活寄生虫进行疫苗接种重新产生了兴趣。本文回顾了过去的研究，总结了该领域的最新进展，并讨论了在设想大规模使用活寄生虫进行免疫接种之前需要克服的挑战。
