Buishi I, Njoroge E, Zeyhle E, Rogan M T, Craig P S
Cestode Zoonoses Research Group, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute and School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, UK.
Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2006 Oct;100(7):601-10. doi: 10.1179/136485906X118503.
A study of Echinococcus granulosus infection in dogs, with risk-factor analysis, was carried out in the endemic area of northern Turkana district, Kenya, using necropsy on 42 strays and a coproantigen-ELISA survey of 161 owned animals. During the post-mortem examinations, 14 (33%) of the necropsied dogs were found infected with E. granulosus, with a mean burden of 540 worms (range=two to 4080 worms). The 26 necropsied dogs that came from the north-western Lokichoggio division--an area where, from 1983 to 1997, there had been a continuous programme of hydatid control--showed a similar prevalence of infection to the other dogs (34.6%) but a significantly lower mean burden, of 53 worms (range=two to 300). Forty-two (26%) of the animals tested for Echinococcus coproantigen were found positive. Although the dogs from the Lokichoggio division were more likely to be coproantigen-positive (29%) than those from the central Kakuma division (20%) or the north-eastern division (18%), the differences were not statistically significant. In questionnaire-based interviews, the owners of the dogs tested for coproantigens were asked about possible risk factors for canine infection with E. granulosus. Women were found to have twice the level of contact with dogs as men. The results of a univariate analysis of the dog-owners' responses revealed six factors that appeared to be significantly associated with a coproantigen-positive dog: non-restraint of the dog (P<0.001); dog fed on raw offal (P<0.001); the improper disposal of slaughter offal (P<0.001); the dog-owner's lack of knowledge about the transmission of echinococcosis (P=0.001); the dog not receiving anthelmintic treatment (P=0.003); and dog age < or =5 years (P=0.01). The results of a multivariate analysis confirmed that lack of dog restraint, access to raw offal, and young age of the dog (< or =5 years) each significantly increased the risk of coproantigen positivity (P, 0.005). Dogs that scavenged from cooking pots, were used to clean babies, had access to the inside of houses, and/or slept indoors appeared, however, to be at no increased risk of coproantigen positivity. The present results are discussed in relation both to older information on the epidemiology and role of human behaviour in the transmission of E. granulosus in Turkana, and the effects of the hydatid-control programme that ran continuously in the north-western division of Turkana between 1983 and 1997.
在肯尼亚图尔卡纳区北部的地方病流行区，对犬类细粒棘球绦虫感染情况及危险因素进行了研究，对42只流浪狗进行尸检，并对161只家养动物进行了粪便抗原酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）调查。在尸检过程中，发现14只（33%）接受尸检的狗感染了细粒棘球绦虫，平均感染虫数为540条（范围为2至4080条）。来自西北洛基乔吉奥分区的26只接受尸检的狗——该地区在1983年至1997年期间有持续的包虫病控制项目——其感染率与其他狗相似（34.6%），但平均感染虫数显著较低，为53条（范围为2至300条）。在接受细粒棘球绦虫粪便抗原检测的动物中，有42只（26%）呈阳性。尽管来自洛基乔吉奥分区的狗粪便抗原阳性的可能性（29%）高于来自中部卡库马分区（20%）或东北部分区（18%）的狗，但差异无统计学意义。在基于问卷的访谈中，对接受粪便抗原检测的狗的主人询问了犬类感染细粒棘球绦虫可能的危险因素。发现女性与狗的接触程度是男性的两倍。对狗主人回答的单因素分析结果显示，有六个因素似乎与粪便抗原阳性的狗显著相关：不约束狗（P<0.001）；用生内脏喂狗（P<0.001）；屠宰内脏处理不当（P<0.001）；狗主人对棘球蚴病传播缺乏了解（P=0.001）；狗未接受驱虫治疗（P=0.003）；以及狗龄≤5岁（P=0.01）。多因素分析结果证实，不约束狗、接触生内脏以及狗龄小（≤5岁）均显著增加了粪便抗原阳性的风险（P<0.005）。然而，从烹饪锅中觅食、用于清洁婴儿、能进入房屋内部和/或在室内睡觉的狗，其粪便抗原阳性风险似乎并未增加。结合图尔卡纳区关于细粒棘球绦虫传播的流行病学和人类行为作用的早期信息，以及图尔卡纳区西北部在1983年至1997年期间持续开展的包虫病控制项目的效果，对目前的结果进行了讨论。
