Dunne Eileen F, Nielson Carrie M, Stone Katherine M, Markowitz Lauri E, Giuliano Anna R
Division of STD Prevention, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
J Infect Dis. 2006 Oct 15;194(8):1044-57. doi: 10.1086/507432. Epub 2006 Sep 12.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is estimated to be the most common sexually transmitted infection; an estimated 6.2 million persons are newly infected every year in the United States. There are limited data on HPV infection in heterosexual men.
We conducted a systematic review of the literature by searching MEDLINE using the terms "human papillomavirus," "HPV," "male," "seroprevalence," and "serology" to retrieve articles published from 1 January 1990 to 1 February 2006. We included studies that had data on population characteristics and that evaluated male genital anatomic sites or specimens for HPV DNA or included assessments of seropositivity to HPV type 6, 11, 16, or 18 in men. We excluded studies that had been conducted only in children or immunocompromised persons (HIV infected, transplant recipients, or elderly).
We included a total of 40 publications on HPV DNA detection and risk factors for HPV in men; 27 evaluated multiple anatomic sites or specimens, 10 evaluated a single site or specimen, and 3 evaluated risk factors or optimal anatomic sites/specimens for HPV detection. Twelve studies assessed site- or specimen-specific HPV DNA detection. HPV prevalence in men was 1.3%-72.9% in studies in which multiple anatomic sites or specimens were evaluated; 15 (56%) of these studies reported > or =20% HPV prevalence. HPV prevalence varied on the basis of sampling, processing methods, and the anatomic site(s) or specimen(s) sampled. We included 15 publications reporting HPV seroprevalence. Rates of seropositivity depended on the population, HPV type, and methods used. In 9 studies that evaluated both men and women, all but 1 demonstrated that HPV seroprevalence was lower in men than in women.
HPV infection is highly prevalent in sexually active men and can be detected by use of a variety of specimens and methods. There have been few natural-history studies and no transmission studies of HPV in men. The information that we have reviewed may be useful for future natural-history studies and for modeling the potential impact of a prophylactic HPV vaccine.
人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染据估计是最常见的性传播感染；在美国，估计每年有620万人新感染HPV。关于异性恋男性HPV感染的数据有限。
我们通过在MEDLINE中检索“人乳头瘤病毒”“HPV”“男性”“血清流行率”和“血清学”等术语对文献进行了系统综述，以检索1990年1月1日至2006年2月1日发表的文章。我们纳入了具有人群特征数据且评估男性生殖器解剖部位或标本的HPV DNA或包括对男性HPV 6、11、16或18型血清阳性率评估的研究。我们排除了仅在儿童或免疫功能低下者（HIV感染者、移植受者或老年人）中进行的研究。
我们总共纳入了40篇关于男性HPV DNA检测及HPV危险因素的出版物；27篇评估了多个解剖部位或标本，10篇评估了单个部位或标本，3篇评估了HPV检测的危险因素或最佳解剖部位/标本。12项研究评估了特定部位或标本的HPV DNA检测。在评估多个解剖部位或标本的研究中，男性HPV感染率为1.3% - 72.9%；其中15项（56%）研究报告HPV感染率≥20%。HPV感染率因采样、处理方法以及所采样的解剖部位或标本不同而有所差异。我们纳入了15篇报告HPV血清流行率的出版物。血清阳性率取决于人群、HPV类型和所用方法。在9项同时评估男性和女性的研究中，除1项外，其余所有研究均表明男性HPV血清流行率低于女性。
HPV感染在性活跃男性中非常普遍，可通过多种标本和方法检测到。关于HPV在男性中的自然史研究很少，也没有传播研究。我们所综述的信息可能对未来的自然史研究以及模拟预防性HPV疫苗的潜在影响有用。
