Lorenzi Christian, Husson Mathieu, Ardoint Marine, Debruille Xavier
Laboratoire de Psychologie de la Perception, Universite Paris 5, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.
Int J Audiol. 2006 Sep;45(9):487-95. doi: 10.1080/14992020600753213.
Consonant identification was measured for a stationary and amplitude-modulated noise masker in four listeners with flat cochlear hearing loss, and four age-matched normal-hearing listeners. The masker modulation rate was systematically varied between 2 and 128 Hz. Masking release (MR), that is better identification performance in fluctuating, than in stationary noise, was highest in a masker fluctuating at 8-16 Hz in all normal-hearing listeners. In comparison, MR was only observed in two out of the four impaired listeners. In these listeners, MR was poorer than normal, and peaked at lower rates, that is 2 or 8 Hz. MR corresponded to increased reception of information for voicing, place, and manner between 2 and 64 Hz in all normal-hearing listeners. In impaired listeners, increased reception of information was mainly observed for manner, and mainly reduced for place, but these differences were not significant. For all phonetic features, MR was observed at lower masker fluctuation rates (< or =32 Hz) than in normal-hearing listeners. This study therefore shows that cochlear damage affects MR, both quantitatively and qualitatively.
对4名患有平坦型耳蜗性听力损失的听众以及4名年龄匹配的听力正常的听众，测量了他们在固定噪声掩蔽器和调幅噪声掩蔽器下的辅音识别能力。掩蔽器的调制率在2至128赫兹之间系统地变化。掩蔽释放（MR），即在波动噪声中比在固定噪声中有更好的识别表现，在所有听力正常的听众中，当掩蔽器以8 - 16赫兹波动时最高。相比之下，在4名听力受损的听众中只有2名观察到了掩蔽释放。在这些听众中，掩蔽释放比正常情况要差，并且在较低的频率（即2或8赫兹）达到峰值。在所有听力正常的听众中，掩蔽释放对应于在2至64赫兹之间对语音、发音部位和发音方式信息接收的增加。在听力受损的听众中，信息接收增加主要在发音方式方面观察到，而在发音部位方面主要减少，但这些差异并不显著。对于所有语音特征，观察到掩蔽释放的掩蔽器波动频率（≤32赫兹）低于听力正常的听众。因此，这项研究表明耳蜗损伤在数量和质量上都会影响掩蔽释放。
