Levy Arkene Sa, Simon Oswald, Shelly Janet, Gardener Michael
Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Jamaica.
Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Anatomy Section, University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Jamaica.
BMC Pharmacol. 2006 Oct 1;6:12. doi: 10.1186/1471-2210-6-12.
6-Shogaol is one of the major compounds in the ginger rhizome that may contribute to its anti-inflammatory properties. Confirmation of this contribution was sought in this study in Sprague- Dawley rats (200-250 g) treated with a single injection (0.5 ml of 1 mg/ml) of a commercial preparation of complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) to induce monoarthritis in the right knee over a period of 28 days. During this development of arthritis, each rat received a daily oral dose of either peanut oil (0.2 ml-control) or 6-shogaol (6.2 mg/Kg in 0.2 ml peanut oil).
Within 2 days of CFA injection, the control group produced maximum edematous swelling of the knee that was sustained up to the end of the investigation period. But, in the 6-shogaol treated group, significantly lower magnitudes of unsustained swelling of the knees (from 5.1 +/- 0.2 mm to 1.0 +/- 0.2 mm, p < 0.002, n = 6) were produced during the investigation period. Unsustained swelling of the knees (from 3.2 +/- 0.6 mm to 0.8 +/- 1.1 mm, p < 0.00008, n = 6) was also produced after 3 days of treatment with indomethacin (2 mg/Kg/day) as a standard anti-inflammatory drug, but during the first 2 days of drug treatment swelling of the knees was significantly larger (11.6 +/- 2.0 mm, p < 0.0002, n = 6) than either the controls or the 6-shogaol treated group of rats. This exaggerated effect in the early stage of indomethacin treatment was inhibited by montelukast, a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist. Also, 6-shogaol and indomethacin were most effective in reducing swelling of the knees on day 28 when the controls still had maximum swelling. The effect of 6-shogaol compared to the controls was associated with significantly lower concentration of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in the blood and infiltration of leukocytes, including lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages, into the synovial cavity of the knee. There was also preservation of the morphological integrity of the cartilage lining the femur compared to damage to this tissue in the peanut oil treated control group of rats.
From these results, it is concluded that 6-shogaol reduced the inflammatory response and protected the femoral cartilage from damage produced in a CFA monoarthritic model of the knee joint of rats.
6-姜辣素是姜根茎中的主要化合物之一，可能与其抗炎特性有关。本研究旨在通过给200-250克的Sprague-Dawley大鼠单次注射（0.5毫升1毫克/毫升）市售完全弗氏佐剂（CFA），在28天内诱导右膝单关节炎，以证实这种作用。在关节炎发展过程中，每只大鼠每天口服剂量为花生油（0.2毫升 - 对照组）或6-姜辣素（6.2毫克/千克溶于0.2毫升花生油）。
在注射CFA后的2天内，对照组膝关节出现最大程度的水肿肿胀，并持续到研究期结束。但是，在6-姜辣素治疗组中，研究期间膝关节肿胀程度明显较低且不持续（从5.1±0.2毫米降至1.0±0.2毫米，p < 0.002，n = 6）。作为标准抗炎药物，吲哚美辛（2毫克/千克/天）治疗3天后膝关节也出现不持续肿胀（从3.2±0.6毫米降至0.8±1.1毫米，p < 0.00008，n = 6），但在药物治疗的前2天，膝关节肿胀明显更大（11.6±2.0毫米，p < 0.0002，n = 6），大于对照组或6-姜辣素治疗组大鼠。孟鲁司特（一种半胱氨酰白三烯受体拮抗剂）可抑制吲哚美辛治疗早期的这种过度效应。此外，在第28天当对照组仍有最大肿胀时，6-姜辣素和吲哚美辛在减轻膝关节肿胀方面最有效。与对照组相比，6-姜辣素的作用与血液中可溶性血管细胞粘附分子-1（VCAM-1）浓度显著降低以及白细胞（包括淋巴细胞和单核细胞/巨噬细胞）浸润到膝关节滑膜腔有关。与花生油治疗的对照组大鼠该组织受损相比，股骨内衬软骨的形态完整性也得以保留。
从这些结果可以得出结论，6-姜辣素可减轻炎症反应，并保护大鼠膝关节CFA单关节炎模型中的股骨软骨免受损伤。
