Bornkessel Ina, Schlesewsky Matthias
Independent Junior Research Group Neurotypology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
Psychol Rev. 2006 Oct;113(4):787-821. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.113.4.787.
Real-time language comprehension is a principal cognitive ability and thereby relates to central properties of the human cognitive architecture. Yet how do the presumably universal cognitive and neural substrates of language processing relate to the astounding diversity of human languages (over 5,000)? The authors present a neurocognitive model of online comprehension, the extended argument dependency model (eADM), that accounts for cross-linguistic unity and diversity in the processing of core constituents (verbs and arguments). The eADM postulates that core constituent processing proceeds in three hierarchically organized phases: (1) constituent structure building without relational interpretation, (2) argument role assignment via a restricted set of cross-linguistically motivated information types (e.g., case, animacy), and (3) completion of argument interpretation using information from further domains (e.g., discourse context, plausibility). This basic architecture is assumed to be universal, with cross-linguistic variation deriving primarily from the information types applied in Phase 2 of comprehension. This conception can derive the appearance of similar neurophysiological and neuroanatomical processing correlates in seemingly disparate structures in different languages and, conversely, of cross-linguistic differences in the processing of similar sentence structures.
实时语言理解是一种主要的认知能力，因此与人类认知结构的核心特性相关。然而，语言处理中大概普遍存在的认知和神经基础与人类语言令人震惊的多样性（超过5000种）是如何关联的呢？作者提出了一种在线理解的神经认知模型，即扩展论点依存模型（eADM），该模型解释了核心成分（动词和论点）处理中的跨语言统一性和多样性。eADM假设核心成分处理分三个层次组织的阶段进行：（1）不进行关系解释的成分结构构建，（2）通过一组有限的跨语言驱动信息类型（如格、生命性）进行论元角色分配，以及（3）使用来自其他领域（如语篇语境、合理性）的信息完成论元解释。这种基本架构被认为是普遍的，跨语言差异主要源于理解第二阶段应用的信息类型。这种概念可以解释在不同语言中看似不同的结构中出现类似的神经生理和神经解剖处理相关性，反之亦然，可以解释类似句子结构处理中的跨语言差异。
