Dunayer Eric K, Gwaltney-Brant Sharon M
American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Animal Poison Control Center, 1717 S Philo Rd, Ste 36, Urbana, IL 61802-6044, USA.
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2006 Oct 1;229(7):1113-7. doi: 10.2460/javma.229.7.1113.
8 adult dogs were evaluated for treatment of lethargy and vomiting after ingestion of xylitol, a sugar alcohol used as a sweetener in various products.
In addition to vomiting and lethargy, 5 of the dogs had widespread petechial, ecchymotic, or gastrointestinal tract hemorrhages. Common clinicopathologic findings included moderately to severely high serum activities of liver enzymes, hyperbilirubinemia, hypoglycemia, hyperphosphatemia, prolonged clotting times, and thrombocytopenia. Necropsies were performed on 3 dogs and severe hepatic necrosis was found in 2. In the third dog, histologic examination revealed severe hepatocyte loss or atrophy with lobular collapse.
Treatments varied among dogs and included IV administration of fluids; plasma transfusions; and, if indicated, administration of dextrose. Three dogs were euthanatized, 2 dogs died, 2 dogs made a complete recovery, and 1 dog was recovering but was lost to follow-up.
Although xylitol causes hypoglycemia in dogs, hepatic failure after ingestion has not previously been reported. Because an increasing number of consumer products contain xylitol, clinicians should be aware that ingestion of xylitol can have serious, life-threatening effects.
8只成年犬因摄入木糖醇后出现嗜睡和呕吐症状而接受评估，木糖醇是一种在多种产品中用作甜味剂的糖醇。
除呕吐和嗜睡外，其中5只犬出现广泛的瘀点、瘀斑或胃肠道出血。常见的临床病理发现包括肝酶血清活性中度至重度升高、高胆红素血症、低血糖、高磷血症、凝血时间延长和血小板减少。对3只犬进行了尸检，其中2只发现严重肝坏死。在第三只犬中，组织学检查显示严重的肝细胞丢失或萎缩伴小叶塌陷。
犬的治疗方法各不相同，包括静脉输液；输血；如有必要，给予葡萄糖。3只犬实施了安乐死，2只犬死亡，2只犬完全康复，1只犬正在恢复，但失去了随访。
尽管木糖醇会导致犬低血糖，但此前尚未有摄入后出现肝衰竭的报道。由于越来越多的消费品含有木糖醇，临床医生应意识到摄入木糖醇可能会产生严重的、危及生命的影响。
