Ford Caroline S, Allainguillaume Joël, Grilli-Chantler Phil, Cuccato Giulia, Allender Charlotte J, Wilkinson Mike J
School of Biological Sciences, Lyle Building, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AS, UK.
Proc Biol Sci. 2006 Dec 22;273(1605):3111-5. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2006.3686.
Research on the environmental risks of gene flow from genetically modified (GM) crops to wild relatives has traditionally emphasized recipients yielding most hybrids. For GM rapeseed (Brassica napus), interest has centred on the 'frequently hybridizing' Brassica rapa over relatives such as Brassica oleracea, where spontaneous hybrids are unreported in the wild. In two sites, where rapeseed and wild B. oleracea grow together, we used flow cytometry and crop-specific microsatellite markers to identify one triploid F1 hybrid, together with nine diploid and two near triploid introgressants. Given the newly discovered capacity for spontaneous introgression into B. oleracea, we then surveyed associated flora and fauna to evaluate the capacity of both recipients to harm cohabitant species with acknowledged conservational importance. Only B. oleracea occupies rich communities containing species afforded legislative protection; these include one rare micromoth species that feeds on B. oleracea and warrants further assessment. We conclude that increased attention should now focus on B. oleracea and similar species that yield few crop-hybrids, but possess scope to affect rare or endangered associates.
关于转基因作物基因流向野生近缘种的环境风险研究，传统上一直强调那些产生最多杂交种的受体。对于转基因油菜（甘蓝型油菜）而言，关注的焦点集中在“频繁杂交”的白菜型油菜上，而非像野生甘蓝那样在野外未发现自发杂交种的近缘种。在两个油菜与野生甘蓝共同生长的地点，我们运用流式细胞术和作物特异性微卫星标记，鉴定出了一个三倍体F1杂交种，以及九个二倍体和两个近三倍体渐渗系。鉴于新发现的甘蓝自发渐渗的能力，我们随后对相关动植物群进行了调查，以评估这两种受体对具有公认保护重要性的同居物种造成危害的能力。只有甘蓝占据了包含受法律保护物种的丰富群落；其中包括一种以甘蓝为食的罕见微蛾物种，值得进一步评估。我们得出结论，现在应将更多关注集中在甘蓝以及其他产生很少作物杂交种，但有可能影响珍稀或濒危伴生种的类似物种上。
