刻板印象的方向性与吸引力刻板印象：美即是好还是丑即是坏？
Stereotype Directionality and Attractiveness Stereotyping: Is Beauty Good or is Ugly Bad?
作者信息
Griffin Angela M, Langlois Judith H
机构信息
The University of Texas at Austin.
出版信息
Soc Cogn. 2006 Apr;24(2):187-206. doi: 10.1521/soco.2006.24.2.187.
Abstract
Dion, Berscheid, and Walster (1972), in their seminal article, labeled the attribution of positive characteristics to attractive people the "beauty-is-good" stereotype. The stereotyping literature since then provides extensive evidence for the differential judgment and treatment of attractive versus unattractive people, but does not indicate whether it is an advantage to be attractive or a disadvantage to be unattractive. Two studies investigated the direction of attractiveness stereotyping by comparing judgments of positive and negative attributes for medium vs. low and medium vs. high attractive faces. Taken together, results for adults (Experiment 1) and children (Experiment 2) suggest that most often, unattractiveness is a disadvantage, consistent with negativity bias (e.g., Rozin & Royzman, 2001) but contrary to the "beauty-is-good" aphorism.
摘要
迪翁、贝谢德和瓦尔斯泰（1972年）在他们具有开创性的文章中，将对有魅力的人赋予积极特质的这种归因称为“美即好”刻板印象。从那时起，刻板印象的相关文献提供了大量证据，证明人们对有魅力的人和缺乏魅力的人存在差别判断和区别对待，但并未表明有魅力是一种优势还是缺乏魅力是一种劣势。两项研究通过比较对中等吸引力与低吸引力以及中等吸引力与高吸引力面孔的积极和消极属性的判断，来探究吸引力刻板印象的方向。综合来看，针对成年人（实验1）和儿童（实验2）的研究结果表明，大多数情况下，缺乏魅力是一种劣势，这与消极偏见相符（例如，罗津和罗伊兹曼，2001年），但与“美即好”这一说法相悖。
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