Volante G
Med Lav. 2006 Mar-Apr;97(2):114-23.
Similarly to Daniele Pometta (1869-1949) on the northern front, Giuseppe Volante (1870-1936) from Turin, a valid clinician and hygiene expert was the field doctor for the firm of Brandt, Brandau e C., on the southern part of the Simplon tunnel for the whole period of its excavation (1898-1906). He meticulously organised and carried out with determination the main mission entrusted him which was to prevent the hookworm epidemic which a mere twenty years earlier had cast its shadow over the St. Gotthard tunnel. Volante also authoritatively directed the first aid post and the hospital that the company built at Nante. Evidence of Volante's vast medical experience was seen in the scientific works he published as well as in a report published in the acts of the International Conference on Work-related Illnesses (Volante, 1906a) and then in a comunication at No. 3 Italian Congress on Work-related Illnesses in Turin (Volante, 1911). There are three interesting works reproduced here (Volante, 1906b-c-d) which are substantially aimed at a broad readership and which clearly illustrate the work carried out, the experience gained and also the author's cultural background. Volante's remarks and the data he supplies are "official" but show no sign of partiality; they convey the grandness of the work he contributed towards creating and in some ways also the "generosity" of the company towards the labour force who "only" went on strike three times for better pay, fewer hours and improved working conditions. Volante's opinion on the low morbidity and mortality of the workers is certainly motivated although it is still relative, first and foremost because he had the tragedy of the St Gotthard as a yardstick, but also because it was swayed by the idea, widespread at the time, of fatalism about the potentially negative effects of the type of work. During the International Conference in 1906 Violante was awarded a gold medal for the work he had conducted, and for three years afterwards he worked under Luigi Devoto (1864-1936) in Milan. After that, he returned to his native Turin where he practised urology. According to his direct descendents, he died aged 64 from respiratory insufficiency the causes of which included a "pneumoconiosis" diagnosed by Prof. Quarelli (1881-1954), a renowned doctor of work-related illnesses, which he had obviously contracted in the period when he had been the doctor of the miners (Gius Volante, 2006).
与北部前线的丹尼尔·波梅塔(1869 - 1949)类似,来自都灵的朱塞佩·沃兰特(1870 - 1936)是一名优秀的临床医生和卫生专家,在辛普朗隧道南段挖掘的整个时期(1898 - 1906年),他是勃兰特、布兰道公司的战地医生。他精心组织并坚决执行交托给他的主要任务,即预防钩虫病流行,而就在仅仅二十年前,钩虫病的阴影曾笼罩着圣哥达隧道。沃兰特还权威地指导了公司在南泰建造的急救站和医院。沃兰特丰富的医学经验体现在他发表的科学著作中,也体现在他在国际职业病会议论文集上发表的一篇报告(沃兰特,1906a)以及之后在都灵举行的第三届意大利职业病大会上的一篇交流文章(沃兰特,1911)中。这里重现了他的三部有趣作品(沃兰特,1906b - c - d),这些作品主要面向广大读者,清晰地阐述了所开展的工作、获得 的经验以及作者的文化背景。沃兰特的言论和他提供的数据是“官方的”,但没有偏袒的迹象;它们传达了他为这项工作所做出的巨大贡献,在某种程度上也体现了公司对劳动力的“慷慨”,而这些劳动力“仅仅”为了更高的工资、更短的工作时间和更好的工作条件罢工了三次。沃兰特对工人低发病率和死亡率的看法固然有其动机,尽管仍然相对而言,首先是因为他以圣哥达隧道的悲剧为衡量标准,但也因为受到当时普遍存在的关于这种工作潜在负面影响的宿命论观念的影响。在1906年的国际会议上,维奥兰特因其所做的工作被授予一枚金牌,此后三年他在米兰与路易吉·德沃托(1864 - 1936)共事。之后,他回到家乡都灵从事泌尿外科工作。据他的直系后代说,他64岁时因呼吸功能不全去世,病因包括著名的职业病医生夸雷利教授(1881 - 1954)诊断出的“尘肺病”,显然这是他在担任矿工医生期间染上的(朱斯·沃兰特,2006)。