Kinzel T
College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing.
Geriatrics. 1991 Jan;46(1):54-6, 58-9.
Advanced pulmonary disease (APD), a progressive, incurable condition, ultimately leading to death, is associated with significant, distressing symptoms. This paper reviews how the hospice approach to care, with its emphasis on treating those symptoms causing the patient the most distress, might be used by physicians in the outpatient setting to improve the patient's quality of life. Important aspects of care include management of hypoxia, malnutrition, osteoporosis, adverse drug reactions, and, especially, the symptomatic relief of dyspnea. Relief of emotional symptoms (depression, anxiety, panic) is also discussed.
晚期肺病（APD）是一种进行性、无法治愈的疾病，最终会导致死亡，伴有严重且令人痛苦的症状。本文回顾了临终关怀护理方法，该方法强调治疗给患者带来最大痛苦的症状，门诊医生如何运用这种方法来提高患者的生活质量。护理的重要方面包括低氧血症、营养不良、骨质疏松症、药物不良反应的管理，尤其是呼吸困难症状的缓解。文中还讨论了情绪症状（抑郁、焦虑、恐慌）的缓解。
