Lackner James R, Dizio Paul
Ashton Graybiel Spatial Orientation Laboratory, Volen Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454-9110, USA.
Exp Brain Res. 2006 Nov;175(3):377-99. doi: 10.1007/s00221-006-0697-y. Epub 2006 Oct 5.
Motion sickness remains a persistent problem in spaceflight. The present review summarizes available knowledge concerning the incidence and onset of space motion sickness and aspects of the physiology of motion sickness. Proposed etiological factors in the elicitation of space motion sickness are evaluated including fluid shifts, head movements, visual orientation illusions, Coriolis cross-coupling stimulation, and otolith asymmetries. Current modes of treating space motion sickness are described. Theoretical models and proposed ground-based paradigms for understanding and studying space motion sickness are critically analyzed. Prediction tests and questionnaires for assessing susceptibility to space motion sickness and their limitations are discussed. We conclude that space motion sickness does represent a form of motion sickness and that it does not represent a unique diagnostic entity. Motion sickness arises when movements are made during exposure to unusual force backgrounds both higher and lower in magnitude than 1 g earth gravity.
晕动病仍然是航天飞行中一个长期存在的问题。本综述总结了关于太空晕动病的发病率、发作情况以及晕动病生理学方面的现有知识。对引发太空晕动病的潜在病因进行了评估，包括体液转移、头部运动、视觉定向错觉、科里奥利交叉耦合刺激和耳石不对称。描述了当前治疗太空晕动病的方法。对用于理解和研究太空晕动病的理论模型及提出的地面范式进行了批判性分析。讨论了用于评估太空晕动病易感性的预测测试和问卷及其局限性。我们得出结论，太空晕动病确实代表一种晕动病形式，且不代表一种独特的诊断实体。当在暴露于大小高于和低于1g地球重力的异常力背景期间进行运动时，就会发生晕动病。
