Read J, Haslam N, Sayce L, Davies E
Department of Psychology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2006 Nov;114(5):303-18. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00824.x.
Many anti-stigma programmes use the 'mental illness is an illness like any other' approach. This review evaluates the effectiveness of this approach in relation to schizophrenia.
The academic literature was searched, via PsycINFO and MEDLINE, to identify peer-reviewed studies addressing whether public espousal of a biogenetic paradigm has increased over time, and whether biogenetic causal beliefs and diagnostic labelling are associated with less negative attitudes.
The public, internationally, continues to prefer psychosocial to biogenetic explanations and treatments for schizophrenia. Biogenetic causal theories and diagnostic labelling as 'illness', are both positively related to perceptions of dangerousness and unpredictability, and to fear and desire for social distance.
An evidence-based approach to reducing discrimination would seek a range of alternatives to the 'mental illness is an illness like any other' approach, based on enhanced understanding, from multi-disciplinary research, of the causes of prejudice.
许多反污名化项目采用“精神疾病与其他疾病无异”的方法。本综述评估了这种方法在精神分裂症方面的有效性。
通过PsycINFO和MEDLINE检索学术文献，以确定同行评审的研究，这些研究探讨公众对生物遗传范式的支持是否随时间增加，以及生物遗传因果信念和诊断标签是否与较少的负面态度相关。
在国际上，公众仍然更倾向于用心理社会因素而非生物遗传因素来解释和治疗精神分裂症。生物遗传因果理论以及将其诊断为“疾病”，都与对危险性和不可预测性的认知、恐惧以及对社会距离的渴望呈正相关。
一种基于证据的减少歧视的方法将寻求一系列替代“精神疾病与其他疾病无异”方法的途径，这基于多学科研究对偏见成因的深入理解。
