McGuire Lisa C, Ajani Umed A, Ford Earl S
Division of Adult and Communty Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
Ann Epidemiol. 2007 Feb;17(2):93-9. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2006.06.005. Epub 2006 Oct 5.
Sex differences in the association between moderate alcohol consumption and cognitive functioning were examined during 4 years.
Participants were 2716 US older adults 70 years and older (mean age, = 76.02 years) who were free of cognitive impairment from the Second Longitudinal Study of Aging (1994 to 2000). Multiple logistic regression models were used to predict cognitive functioning (adapted Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status) from average daily alcohol intake (no drink, one drink or less daily, and more than one drink daily) during 4 years after controlling for covariates.
Sex differences in the association between alcohol consumption and cognitive functioning were found (p < 0.01). Older adults with alcohol consumption of one drink or less per day had a lower odds of low cognitive functioning compared with abstainers for women (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.55-0.83), but not men (AOR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.69-1.34).
For older adults with a level of cognitive functioning within normal ranges, moderate amounts of alcohol, an average of one drink or less daily, was protective for women, but not men. Caution should be used in suggesting moderate alcohol consumption to maintain cognitive functioning because of the risks of consuming alcohol.
在4年期间研究适度饮酒与认知功能之间关联的性别差异。
参与者为2716名70岁及以上的美国老年人（平均年龄 = 76.02岁），他们来自第二次老龄化纵向研究（1994年至2000年），且无认知障碍。在控制协变量后，使用多个逻辑回归模型根据4年期间的平均每日酒精摄入量（不饮酒、每日一杯或更少、每日超过一杯）来预测认知功能（采用认知状态适应性电话访谈）。
发现饮酒与认知功能之间的关联存在性别差异（p < 0.01）。与戒酒者相比，每日饮酒一杯或更少的老年女性认知功能低下的几率较低（调整后的优势比[AOR]，0.67；95%置信区间[CI]，0.55 - 0.83），而男性则不然（AOR，0.96；95% CI，0.69 - 1.34）。
对于认知功能处于正常范围的老年人，适度饮酒，即平均每日一杯或更少，对女性有保护作用，但对男性没有。由于饮酒存在风险，在建议适度饮酒以维持认知功能时应谨慎。
