Alvarez Pedro, Alvarado Carmen, Mathieu Florence, Jiménez Liliana, De la Fuente Mónica
Dept. of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Eur J Nutr. 2006 Dec;45(8):428-38. doi: 10.1007/s00394-006-0616-9. Epub 2006 Oct 11.
Cereals naturally contain a great variety of polyphenols, which exert a wide range of physiological effects both in vitro and in vivo. Many of their protective effects, including an improvement of the function and redox state of immune cells in unhealthy or aged subjects come from their properties as powerful antioxidant compounds. However, whether cereal-based dietary supplementation positively affects the immune function and cellular redox state of healthy subjects remains unclear.
To investigate the effects of supplementation (20% wt/wt) for 5 weeks with four different cereal fractions on healthy mice.
Several parameters of function and redox state of peritoneal leukocytes were measured. The cereals, named B (wheat germ), C (buckwheat flour), D (fine rice bran) and E (wheat middlings) contained different amounts of gallic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, sinapic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, quercetin, catechin, rutin and oryzanol as major polyphenols.
In general, all cereal fractions caused an improvement of the leukocyte parameters studied such as chemotaxis capacity, microbicidal activity, lymphoproliferative response to mitogens, interleukin-2 (IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor (TNFalpha) release, as well as oxidized glutathione (GSSG), GSSG/GSH ratio, catalase (CAT) activity and lipid oxidative damage. We observed similar effects among the cereal fractions.
The results suggest that some of these effects may due, at least partially, to the antioxidant activity of the polyphenols naturally present in cereals. Since an appropriate function of the leukocytes has been proposed as marker of the health state, a short-term intake of cereals seems to be sufficient to exert a benefit in the health of the general population. However, further studies are needed to assess the optimal doses and to find out which active polyphenols are able to mediate the observed physiological effects before recommending their regular consumption.
谷物天然含有多种多酚，这些多酚在体外和体内都具有广泛的生理作用。它们的许多保护作用，包括改善不健康或老年受试者免疫细胞的功能和氧化还原状态，都源于其作为强大抗氧化化合物的特性。然而，基于谷物的膳食补充剂是否对健康受试者的免疫功能和细胞氧化还原状态有积极影响仍不清楚。
研究用四种不同谷物组分对健康小鼠进行5周补充（20%重量/重量）的效果。
测量腹膜白细胞功能和氧化还原状态的几个参数。名为B（小麦胚芽）、C（荞麦粉）、D（精细米糠）和E（小麦麸皮）的谷物含有不同量的没食子酸、对羟基苯甲酸、香草酸、芥子酸、对香豆酸、阿魏酸、槲皮素、儿茶素、芦丁和谷维素作为主要多酚。
总体而言，所有谷物组分都使所研究的白细胞参数得到改善，如趋化能力、杀菌活性、对有丝分裂原的淋巴细胞增殖反应、白细胞介素-2（IL-2）和肿瘤坏死因子（TNFα）释放，以及氧化型谷胱甘肽（GSSG）、GSSG/GSH比值、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性和脂质氧化损伤。我们在谷物组分之间观察到类似的效果。
结果表明，其中一些作用可能至少部分归因于谷物中天然存在的多酚的抗氧化活性。由于白细胞的适当功能已被提议作为健康状态的标志，短期摄入谷物似乎足以对普通人群的健康产生益处。然而，在推荐常规食用之前，需要进一步研究以评估最佳剂量并找出哪些活性多酚能够介导观察到的生理作用。
