Lynch Elizabeth B, Liu Kiang, Kiefe Catarina I, Greenland Philip
Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611-4402, USA.
Am J Epidemiol. 2006 Dec 15;164(12):1171-9. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwj334. Epub 2006 Oct 12.
This study's objective was assessment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor knowledge in young adults, its association with 10-year changes in risk factor levels, and variables related to risk factor knowledge. A total of 4,193 healthy persons (55% female, 48% Black; mean age=30 years) from four urban US communities were queried about risk factor knowledge in 1990-1991 and were reexamined in 2000-2001. Of six risk factors considered (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, overweight, sedentary lifestyle, and unhealthy diet), participants mentioned a mean of two; more than 65% were not aware of any risk factors, and less than 35% recognized being overweight as a risk factor. After adjustment, variables associated with mentioning more than two CVD risk factors versus one or fewer were Black race (OR=0.52, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.44, 0.61), having a high school education or less (OR=0.88, 95% CI: 0.80, 0.95), having one or two (vs. zero) risk factors (OR=1.27, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.53), and having three or more (vs. zero) risk factors (OR=1.79, 95% CI: 1.35, 2.38). More knowledge was marginally associated with less increase in body mass index 10 years later (p=0.06) but was unrelated to other risk factor changes. Knowledge of CVD risk factors was very low in these young adults but increased with the presence of risk factors. Knowledge alone did not predict 10-year changes in risk factors.
本研究的目的是评估年轻成年人对心血管疾病（CVD）危险因素的知晓情况、其与危险因素水平10年变化的关联以及与危险因素知晓相关的变量。对来自美国四个城市社区的4193名健康人（55%为女性，48%为黑人；平均年龄 = 30岁）在1990 - 1991年询问了他们对危险因素的知晓情况，并于2000 - 2001年进行了复查。在考虑的六个危险因素（高血压、高脂血症、吸烟、超重、久坐不动的生活方式和不健康饮食）中，参与者平均提及两个；超过65%的人不知道任何危险因素，不到35%的人认识到超重是一个危险因素。经过调整后**，与提及两个以上CVD危险因素而非一个或更少相关的变量包括黑人种族（比值比（OR） = 0.52，95%置信区间（CI）：0.44，0.61）、高中及以下学历（OR = 0.88，95% CI：0.80，0.95）、有一个或两个（与零个相比）危险因素（OR = 1.27，95% CI：1.05，1.53）以及有三个或更多（与零个相比）危险因素（OR = 1.79，95% CI：1.35，2.38）**。更多的知晓情况与10年后体重指数的增加略有减少相关（p = 0.06），但与其他危险因素的变化无关。这些年轻成年人对CVD危险因素的知晓率非常低，但随着危险因素的存在而增加。仅知晓情况并不能预测危险因素的10年变化。
