Penniston Kristina L, Tanumihardjo Sherry A
Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Am J Primatol. 2006 Nov;68(11):1114-9. doi: 10.1002/ajp.20311.
The specific vitamin A (VA) requirements of nonhuman primates have not been adequately determined via species-specific scientific experimentation. Recommendations are considered to be similar to human requirements, particularly for Old World monkeys. Manufacturers of primate diets add an excess of most nutrients in order to compensate for losses that occur during storage and handling. Moreover, the form of VA used in these diets is synthetic VA esters, which are readily absorbed and stored. Primates in the wild obtain much of their VA from provitamin A carotenoids, which are cleaved as needed to form active VA and are considered nontoxic, unlike preformed VA. The purpose of this study was to determine what types of feed are used at the National Primate Centers and to estimate the amount of VA that rhesus macaques are consuming. Five of the eight centers responded to a short survey that was administered through telephone and electronic mail contacts. VA intakes are well above those that are considered adequate for humans, and VA concentrations in commercially prepared standard primate diets exceed National Research Council (NRC) recommendations by as much as four times. Thus, the VA provided in primate diets should be reevaluated with regard to the concentration and form of the vitamin used.
非人类灵长类动物对特定维生素A（VA）的需求尚未通过针对特定物种的科学实验充分确定。人们认为其需求与人类需求相似，尤其是旧世界猴。灵长类动物饲料制造商添加了过量的大多数营养素，以补偿储存和处理过程中的损失。此外，这些饲料中使用的VA形式是合成VA酯，它们易于吸收和储存。野生灵长类动物从维生素A原类胡萝卜素中获取大部分VA，这些类胡萝卜素会根据需要裂解形成活性VA，并且与预先形成的VA不同，被认为是无毒的。本研究的目的是确定国家灵长类动物中心使用何种类型的饲料，并估计恒河猴的VA摄入量。八个中心中有五个对通过电话和电子邮件联系进行的简短调查做出了回应。VA摄入量远高于被认为对人类足够的摄入量，商业制备的标准灵长类动物饲料中的VA浓度超过了美国国家研究委员会（NRC）的建议多达四倍。因此，应根据所用维生素的浓度和形式重新评估灵长类动物饲料中提供的VA。
