Schütz Kristina, Schendzielarz Ilka, Zwitserlood Pienie, Vorberg Dirk
Institut für Psychologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.
Conscious Cogn. 2007 Jun;16(2):520-32. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2006.09.001. Epub 2006 Oct 12.
Two experiments investigated subliminal semantic and form priming in a word-completion task. Visual gap-words with a dominant and a subordinate solution were preceded by form-related or by semantically related words, which were briefly presented and sandwich-masked. Priming of the subordinate solution was assessed in Experiment 1, relative to a neutral condition. Both solutions were primed in Experiment 2. In the absence of conscious prime recognition, both semantic and form primes reliably increased the probability with which the primed solution was given. With our variant of fragment-completion, response priming can be ruled out as explanation. Moreover, effects were already present at first presentation, excluding an interpretation in terms of partial awareness due to massive repetition. The data demonstrate automatic activation at both form and semantic levels in the absence of conscious awareness.
两项实验在单词完成任务中研究了阈下语义和形式启动效应。具有一个主要解决方案和一个次要解决方案的视觉缺词，之前呈现的是与形式相关或语义相关的单词，这些单词短暂呈现并进行夹掩蔽。在实验1中，相对于中性条件，评估了次要解决方案的启动效应。在实验2中，两种解决方案都得到了启动。在没有对启动刺激的意识识别的情况下，语义和形式启动刺激都可靠地增加了给出启动解决方案的概率。使用我们的片段完成变体，可以排除反应启动作为解释。此外，在首次呈现时效应就已经存在，排除了由于大量重复导致的部分意识的解释。数据表明，在没有意识觉知的情况下，形式和语义层面都会自动激活。
