Kunde Wilfried, Reuss Heiko, Kiesel Andrea
Department of Psychology, Julius-Maximilians-University Wuerzburg, Germany.
Adv Cogn Psychol. 2012;8(1):9-18. doi: 10.2478/v10053-008-0097-x. Epub 2012 Feb 3.
The implementation or change of information processing routines, known as cognitive control, is traditionally believed to be closely linked to consciousness. It seems that we exert control over our behavior if we know the reasons for, and consequences of, doing so. Recent research suggests, however, that several behavioral phenomena that have been construed as instances of cognitive control can be prompted by events of which actors are not aware. Here we give a brief review of this research, discuss possible reasons for inconsistencies in the empirical evidence, and suggest some lines of future research. Specifically, we suggest to differentiate cognitive control evoked either because of explicit or because of implicit control cues. While the former type of control seems to work outside of awareness, the latter type of control seems to be restricted to consciously registered events that call for control.
信息处理程序的实施或改变，即所谓的认知控制，传统上被认为与意识密切相关。似乎如果我们知道这样做的原因和后果，我们就会对自己的行为施加控制。然而，最近的研究表明，一些被解释为认知控制实例的行为现象可能由行为者未意识到的事件引发。在此，我们简要回顾这项研究，讨论实证证据不一致的可能原因，并提出一些未来的研究方向。具体而言，我们建议区分因明确或隐含控制线索而引发的认知控制。虽然前一种控制似乎在意识之外起作用，但后一种控制似乎仅限于需要控制的有意识记录的事件。
