University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
Perit Dial Int. 2006 Nov-Dec;26(6):658-63.
To survey nurses around the world about current practices for peritoneal dialysis (PD) home training programs.
Random sampling of nurses to complete a written survey from the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis Nursing Liaison Committee.
United States, Canada, South America (Brazil, Columbia), The Netherlands, Hong Kong.
Surveys and responses were sent by fax whenever possible, or by regular mail, or hand carried, or conducted by telephone. Results were stratified by geographic areas as well as by cumulative responses and were expressed as medians with ranges. Kruskal-Wallis was used to evaluate differences in responses. Associations between variables were tested with Pearson correlation. Univariate regression analysis was used to evaluate the impact of variables on peritonitis rates. Variables with p < 0.10 were included in a multivariate analysis.
A total of 317 nurses responded: 88 in the United States, 46 in Canada, 58 in South America, 58 in Hong Kong, and 67 in The Netherlands. This represented 37% of all surveys distributed. Respondents had a median of 12 years' experience in nephrology (range 1-35 years), but only 31% had a formal background in adult education. Nearly half received their guidance to patient training from a nurse colleague, 11% were guided by a corporate colleague, and 8% were simply self-taught. Clinics responding had a median of 30 PD patients (range 1-400) and reported they trained a median of 8 patients per year (range 0-86). Reported peritonitis rates were a median 0.46 per year or 1 episode every 26 months. Peritonitis rates, however, were not known by 53% of respondents. Total training time per patient had a very wide range of hours, from 6 to 96. There was no correlation between training time and peritonitis rates among the study respondents (p = 0.38), nor with any other variables.
There is wide variation in practices for PD patient training programs within countries and around the world. Training time did not appear to be related to peritonitis rates. Randomized trials of training practices are needed to determine which approaches produce the best outcomes for patients.
调查全球护士在腹膜透析（PD）家庭培训计划方面的当前实践情况。
国际腹膜透析护理联络委员会随机抽取护士完成书面调查。
美国、加拿大、南美洲（巴西、哥伦比亚）、荷兰、中国香港。
调查和回复通过传真（在可能的情况下）、普通邮件、或人工携带、或电话进行。结果按地理区域以及累计回复进行分层，并表示为中位数和范围。Kruskal-Wallis 用于评估回复差异。使用 Pearson 相关系数检验变量之间的关联。单变量回归分析用于评估变量对腹膜炎发生率的影响。将 p<0.10 的变量纳入多变量分析。
共有 317 名护士做出回应：美国 88 名，加拿大 46 名，南美洲 58 名，中国香港 58 名，荷兰 67 名。这代表了所有分发调查的 37%。受访者在肾脏病学方面的平均经验为 12 年（范围为 1-35 年），但只有 31%具有成人教育的正式背景。近一半的人从护士同事那里获得患者培训指导，11%的人从公司同事那里获得指导，8%的人只是自学。做出回应的诊所平均有 30 名 PD 患者（范围为 1-400），并报告每年平均培训 8 名患者（范围为 0-86）。报告的腹膜炎发生率为每年每 86 名患者中每 46 名患者每年 0.46 次，然而，有 53%的受访者不知道腹膜炎的发生率。每位患者的总培训时间从 6 小时到 96 小时不等，范围非常广泛。在研究受访者中，培训时间与腹膜炎发生率之间没有相关性（p=0.38），与其他任何变量也没有相关性。
在国家内部和全球范围内，PD 患者培训计划的实践存在很大差异。培训时间似乎与腹膜炎发生率无关。需要进行培训实践的随机试验，以确定哪些方法为患者带来最佳结果。
