Kehl Karen A
School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Madison, and Hospice Care Inc, Madison, Wisconsi, USA.
Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2006 Aug-Sep;23(4):277-86. doi: 10.1177/1049909106290380.
One of the primary outcomes of end-of-life care should be the experience of a good death by the patient and the family. Yet there is no clear, shared understanding of what a good death is. This analysis of the concept of a good death has been guided by Rodgers' evolutionary method of concept analysis.(1) Forty-two articles were analyzed. There was the strong agreement that the concept of a good death was highly individual, changeable over time, and based on perspective and experience. Medical, nursing, and patient perspectives, as well as literature in sociology, include the following attributes of a good death, listed in order of frequency of appearance in the literature: being in control, being comfortable, sense of closure, affirmation/value of the dying person recognized, trust in care providers, recognition of impending death, beliefs and values honored, burden minimized, relationships optimized, appropriateness of death, leaving a legacy, and family care.
临终关怀的主要成果之一应该是让患者及其家人体验安详离世。然而，对于什么是安详离世，并没有清晰、一致的理解。对安详离世概念的这一分析是受罗杰斯概念分析的进化方法指导的。（1）对42篇文章进行了分析。人们强烈认同，安详离世的概念高度因人而异，随时间变化，且基于个人观点和经历。医学、护理和患者的观点，以及社会学文献，都包含了安详离世的以下属性，按照在文献中出现的频率依次列出：掌控局面、感到舒适、有结束感、临终者的价值得到肯定/认可、对护理人员的信任、意识到临近死亡、信仰和价值观得到尊重、负担最小化、人际关系优化、死亡的适宜性、留下遗产以及家人关怀。
