识别中独特性效应的情境干扰解释。
A contextual interference account of distinctiveness effects in recognition.
作者信息
Park Heekyeong, Arndt Jason, Reder Lynne M
机构信息
Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
出版信息
Mem Cognit. 2006 Jun;34(4):743-51. doi: 10.3758/bf03193422.
In this article, we report on two experiments that aimed to shed light on the memorability effect that derives from varying the uniqueness of contextual cues presented at encoding and retrieval. We sought to understand the locus of the recognition advantage for studying and testing words with nominally irrelevant features that are rarely shared with other words ("low-fan" features) as compared with features that are studied with more words ("high-fan" features). Each word was studied with one high-fan feature and one low-fan feature, but only one of the two features was reinstated at test. Recognition judgments were more accurate when the low-fan feature was reinstated than when the high-fan feature was reinstated. The data suggest that encoding cues that suffer from contextual interference negatively affect retrieval and do so by hindering recollection-based processing.
在本文中，我们报告了两项实验，旨在阐明因改变编码和检索时呈现的情境线索的独特性而产生的记忆效果。我们试图了解，与那些被更多单词共享的特征（“高扇面”特征）相比，研究和测试具有名义上无关紧要、很少与其他单词共享的特征（“低扇面”特征）的单词时，识别优势的来源。每个单词都与一个高扇面特征和一个低扇面特征一起学习，但在测试时只恢复其中一个特征。当恢复低扇面特征时，识别判断比恢复高扇面特征时更准确。数据表明，受到情境干扰的编码线索会对检索产生负面影响，并且是通过阻碍基于回忆的加工来实现的。
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