Hemmrich Karsten, von Heimburg Dennis
University Hospital of the Aachen, University of Technology RWTH, Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery - Burn Centre, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52057 Aachen, Germany.
Expert Rev Med Devices. 2006 Sep;3(5):635-45. doi: 10.1586/17434440.3.5.635.
There is high clinical need for an adequate reconstruction of soft tissue defects as found after tumor resections, deep burns or severe trauma. A promising solution for these defects is adipose tissue engineering, with adult stem cells of the adipose tissue, implanted on 3D biomaterials. These adipogenic precursor cells survive ischemia better than mature adipocytes and have the potency to proliferate and differentiate into fat cells after transplantation. They can be yielded from excised adipose tissue or liposuction material. When preadipocytes are seeded on carriers for the generation of adipose tissue, chemical composition, mechanical stability and 3D architecture of the construct are crucial factors. They ensure cellular penetration into the construct, sufficient proliferation on the material and full differentiation inside the construct after transplantation. In hydrogels, it is especially the use and combination of growth factors that determine the overall outcome of the applied biopolymer. Over recent years, in vivo trials in particular have allowed significant insights into the potential, the perspectives, but also the current difficulties and draw-backs in adipose tissue engineering. This review focuses on the main strategies in adipose tissue regeneration, compares the various materials that have been used as carrier matrices so far and considers them in light of the challenges they have yet to meet.
对于肿瘤切除、深度烧伤或严重创伤后出现的软组织缺损进行充分重建，临床上有很高的需求。针对这些缺损，一个有前景的解决方案是脂肪组织工程，即将脂肪组织的成体干细胞植入三维生物材料。这些脂肪生成前体细胞比成熟脂肪细胞更能耐受缺血，并且在移植后有增殖和分化为脂肪细胞的能力。它们可以从切除的脂肪组织或抽脂材料中获取。当将前脂肪细胞接种到用于生成脂肪组织的载体上时，构建体的化学成分、机械稳定性和三维结构是关键因素。它们确保细胞能够渗透到构建体中，在材料上充分增殖，并在移植后在构建体内完全分化。在水凝胶中，生长因子的使用和组合尤其决定了所应用生物聚合物的总体效果。近年来，特别是体内试验让人们对脂肪组织工程的潜力、前景以及当前的困难和缺点有了深入了解。本综述重点关注脂肪组织再生的主要策略，比较了迄今为止用作载体基质的各种材料，并根据它们尚未解决的挑战对其进行了考量。
