Weimers Lena, Svensson Kristin, Dumas Louise, Navér Lars, Wahlberg Vivian
Department of Pediatrics, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
Int Breastfeed J. 2006 Oct 26;1:20. doi: 10.1186/1746-4358-1-20.
Assisting mothers to breastfeed is not easy when babies experience difficulties. In a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), nurses often help mothers by using hands-on-breast without their permission. Little is known about how mothers feel about this unusual body touching. To gain more knowledge from mothers who lived through this experience, this hands-on practice was studied in a NICU in Sweden.
Between January and June 2001, in-depth interviews were conducted with ten mothers of preterm or sick term infants and all of them experienced the hands-on approach. In this research, Radnitzky's seven principles of hermeneutic interpretation were applied in order to interpret the meaning of mothers' responses. This article presents results related to the period of initiation of breastfeeding. This qualitative study was based on a combination of the models of Gustafsson, Orem, and Aarts' Marte Meo.
Five main themes were identified: Insult to integrity, Manipulating the baby, Understanding and adjustment, Breasts as objects, Alternatives to this practice. Hands-on help in the breastfeeding situation was experienced as unpleasant and the women experienced their breasts as objectified. The mothers accepted the hands-on help given by nursing staff, even though they considered it unpleasant. Most mothers expressed a need for assistance when starting breastfeeding, but could not suggest any alternative to hands-on help such as demonstrating with an artificial breast and a doll.
The study provides information about how mothers experience unexpected hands-on help with breastfeeding in a NICU, which has not been described previously. Since most mothers in this study regarded this behavior as unpleasant and not helpful mostly because it was unexpected and unexplained, it would be important to either explain beforehand to mothers what type of physical approach could be attempted on their body or better, to avoid this type of approach completely.
当婴儿出现困难时，帮助母亲进行母乳喂养并非易事。在新生儿重症监护病房（NICU），护士经常未经母亲许可就直接上手辅助母乳喂养。对于母亲如何看待这种不寻常的身体接触，我们知之甚少。为了从有过这种经历的母亲那里获取更多信息，在瑞典的一家新生儿重症监护病房对这种直接上手的做法进行了研究。
在2001年1月至6月期间，对10名早产或足月患病婴儿的母亲进行了深入访谈，她们都经历过直接上手辅助母乳喂养的情况。在这项研究中，应用了拉德尼茨基诠释学解释的七条原则来解读母亲们的回答的含义。本文呈现了与母乳喂养开始阶段相关的结果。这项定性研究基于古斯塔夫松、奥雷姆以及阿特斯的玛尔特·梅奥模型的结合。
确定了五个主要主题：对完整性的侮辱、摆弄婴儿、理解与调整、乳房被物化、这种做法的替代方式。在母乳喂养过程中直接上手辅助被认为是不愉快的，并且这些女性感觉自己的乳房被物化了。母亲们接受了护理人员给予的直接上手辅助，尽管她们认为这种辅助令人不愉快。大多数母亲表示在开始母乳喂养时需要帮助，但无法提出任何替代直接上手辅助的方法，比如使用人工乳房和玩偶进行演示。
该研究提供了关于母亲们在新生儿重症监护病房中如何体验意外的母乳喂养直接上手辅助的信息，此前尚未有过相关描述。由于本研究中的大多数母亲认为这种行为令人不愉快且没有帮助，主要是因为它出乎意料且没有解释，所以要么事先向母亲解释可以在她们身体上尝试何种身体辅助方式，要么更好的做法是完全避免这种辅助方式，这一点很重要。
