Cooper G, Ghassemieh E
Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK.
Med Eng Phys. 2007 Sep;29(7):775-87. doi: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2006.08.008. Epub 2006 Oct 24.
The research aims to carry out a detailed analysis of the loads applied by the ambulance workers when loading/unloading ambulance stretchers. The forces required of the ambulance workers for each system are measured using a load cell in a force handle arrangement. The process of loading and unloading is video recorded for all the systems to register the posture of the ambulance workers in different stages of the process. The postures and forces exerted by the ambulance workers are analyzed using biomechanical assessment software to examine if the work loads at any stage of the process are harmful. Kinetic analysis of each stretcher loading system is performed. Comparison of the kinetic analysis and measurements shows very close agreement for most of the cases. The force analysis results are evaluated against derived failure criteria. The evaluation is extended to a biomechanical failure analysis of the ambulance worker's lower back using 3DSSPP software developed at the Centre for Ergonomics at the University of Michigan. The critical tasks of each ambulance worker during the loading and unloading operations for each system are identified. Design recommendations are made to reduce the forces exerted based on loading requirements from the kinetic analysis.
该研究旨在对急救人员在装卸救护车担架时所施加的负荷进行详细分析。通过力传感器手柄装置中的测力传感器来测量急救人员对每个系统所需施加的力。对所有系统的装卸过程进行视频记录，以记录急救人员在该过程不同阶段的姿势。使用生物力学评估软件分析急救人员的姿势和所施加的力，以检查该过程任何阶段的工作负荷是否有害。对每个担架装载系统进行动力学分析。动力学分析与测量结果的比较表明，在大多数情况下两者非常吻合。根据推导的失效准则对力分析结果进行评估。利用密歇根大学人体工程学中心开发的3DSSPP软件，将评估扩展到对急救人员下背部的生物力学失效分析。确定每个急救人员在每个系统装卸操作过程中的关键任务。根据动力学分析得出的装载要求，提出设计建议以减少所施加的力。
