Pescosolido Bernice A
Department of Sociology, Indiana University, 1022 E. Third Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
J Health Soc Behav. 2006 Sep;47(3):189-208. doi: 10.1177/002214650604700301.
Calls have been issued for understanding the "contexts" or "environment" shaping the causes and consequences of health and health care. Existing efforts raise concerns about how a panorama of influences can be considered simultaneously. Sociology's view of contexts as social network structures that shape and are shaped in social interaction offers one key to resolving this dilemma. Because social networks have become central in the social, natural, and physical sciences, this perspective provides a common platform for bringing in sociology's rich theoretical and methodological insights. Yet, to do this well, three conditions must shape our response. First, all levels relevant to health and health care must be considered, separated out, and linked by network mechanisms. The genetic-biological level, perhaps the most foreign level to sociologists, represents the greatest need and best prospect for advancing a sociologically based solution. Second, room must be made to tailor models to populations, whether defined socially or medically. Third, sociologists must find a voice within "big science " to address problems from social construction to social causation that contribute to basic social processes as well as health. I trace developments in the Network-Episode Model as one theoretical starting point.
人们呼吁理解塑造健康及医疗保健因果关系的“背景”或“环境”。现有研究成果引发了人们对于如何同时考量一系列影响因素的担忧。社会学将背景视为在社会互动中形成并受其影响的社会网络结构，这为解决这一困境提供了一个关键思路。由于社会网络在社会科学、自然科学和物理科学中已占据核心地位，这一视角为引入社会学丰富的理论和方法见解提供了一个共同平台。然而，要做好这一点，我们的回应必须满足三个条件。首先，必须考虑与健康及医疗保健相关的所有层面，将它们区分开来，并通过网络机制建立联系。基因生物学层面或许是社会学家最陌生的层面，却是推进基于社会学的解决方案的最大需求和最佳前景所在。其次，必须根据人群定制模型，无论这些人群是按社会标准还是医学标准界定。第三，社会学家必须在“大科学”中发出声音，以解决从社会建构到社会因果关系等问题，这些问题不仅影响基本社会进程，也影响健康。我将追溯网络事件模型的发展，将其作为一个理论起点。
