Valdivieso Rommel, Iraola Victor, Estupiñán Monica, Fernández-Caldas Enrique
Centro de Alergia y Dermatología, Centro México Meditrópoli, Quito, Ecuador.
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2006 Oct;97(4):532-8. doi: 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)60946-5.
Few studies have addressed exposure and sensitization to mite allergens in Andean countries.
To identify the main mite species in 3 locations at different altitudes in Ecuador and to verify skin test reactivity to various mite species in allergic individuals in Quito, Ecuador.
Mattress dust samples were collected in Quito (2,800 m above sea level), Cuenca (2,500 m above sea level), and Guayaquil (sea level). Mite species present in the samples were isolated, identified, and counted. Der p 1 and Der f 1 levels were measured using monoclonal antibody-based enzyme immunoassays. Four hundred thirty-five patients in Quito diagnosed as having allergic rhinitis or asthma underwent skin testing with commercial extracts of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae, Blomia tropicalis, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, and Lepidoglyphus destructor. In addition, Glycyphagus domesticus, Acarus siro, and Aleuroglyphus ovatus were tested in 362, 262, and 279 patients, respectively.
Twenty-one mite species were identified. Large populations of mites were detected above 2,500 m of altitude. All the dust samples contained detectable levels of Der p 1 or Der f 1. Positive skin prick test reactions to D. pteronyssinus, D. farinae, B. tropicalis, L. destructor, T. putrescentiae, A. ovatus, A. siro, and G. domesticus were obtained in 60.9%, 56.8%, 17.0%, 19.3%, 10.6%, 15.8%, 8.8%, and 11.0% of the patients, respectively.
Most analyzed mattresses contained several species of mites. Mite allergen levels were high. This study confirms the importance of house dust and storage mite allergens in Ecuador in areas above 2,500 m of altitude, where humidity remains high year round.
很少有研究涉及安第斯国家对螨过敏原的暴露和致敏情况。
确定厄瓜多尔不同海拔高度的3个地点的主要螨种类，并验证厄瓜多尔基多市过敏个体对各种螨种类的皮肤试验反应性。
在基多（海拔2800米）、昆卡（海拔2500米）和瓜亚基尔（海平面）采集床垫灰尘样本。对样本中存在的螨种类进行分离、鉴定和计数。使用基于单克隆抗体的酶免疫测定法测量Der p 1和Der f 1水平。基多市435名被诊断为过敏性鼻炎或哮喘的患者接受了用粉尘螨、屋尘螨、热带无爪螨、腐食酪螨和柏氏禽刺螨的商业提取物进行的皮肤试验。此外，分别对362名、262名和279名患者进行了家甜食螨、粉螨和椭圆食粉螨的检测。
鉴定出21种螨。在海拔2500米以上检测到大量螨。所有灰尘样本中Der p 1或Der f 1水平均可检测到。分别有60.9%、56.8%、17.0%、19.3%、10.6%、15.8%、8.8%和11.0%的患者对粉尘螨、屋尘螨、热带无爪螨、柏氏禽刺螨、腐食酪螨、椭圆食粉螨、粉螨和家甜食螨的皮肤点刺试验呈阳性反应。
大多数分析的床垫含有几种螨。螨过敏原水平很高。这项研究证实了在厄瓜多尔海拔2500米以上、全年湿度较高的地区，屋尘和储藏螨过敏原的重要性。
