Khalifa Najah, VON Knorring Anne-Liis
Drs. Khalifa and Von Knorring are with the Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2006 Nov;45(11):1346-1353. doi: 10.1097/01.chi.0000251210.98749.83.
To examine patterns of psychiatric comorbid disorders and associated problems in a school population of children with tic disorders.
From a total population of 4,479 children, 25 with Tourette's disorder (TD), 34 with chronic motor tics (CMT), 24 with chronic vocal tics (CVT), and 214 with transient tics (TT) during the past year were found. A three-stage procedure was used: tic screening, telephone interview, and clinical assessment. The TD group was compared with 25 children with TT and 25 controls without tics.
Psychiatric comorbid disorders were found in 92% of the children with TD. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder was most common, and patterns of psychiatric comorbidity were similar in children with TD and CVT, but not with CMT and TT. Aggressive behavior was more common in children with TD than other tic disorders.
Psychiatric comorbid disorders are common even in community-based samples of children with TD and CVT. TD and CVT seem to be part of the same disease entity, with TD being a more severe form. Chronic tics may be a marker for behavioral and learning difficulties in children, and awareness of these associations is critical to the care and treatment of children with tics.
研究抽动障碍儿童在校人群中精神共病模式及相关问题。
在4479名儿童的总体人群中，发现过去一年中有25名患有图雷特综合征（TD）、34名患有慢性运动性抽动（CMT）、24名患有慢性发声性抽动（CVT）以及214名患有短暂性抽动（TT）的儿童。采用三阶段程序：抽动筛查、电话访谈和临床评估。将TD组与25名患有TT的儿童以及25名无抽动的对照组儿童进行比较。
92%的TD儿童存在精神共病。注意缺陷/多动障碍最为常见，TD儿童和CVT儿童的精神共病模式相似，但CMT儿童和TT儿童不同。TD儿童的攻击性行为比其他抽动障碍儿童更为常见。
即使在基于社区的TD和CVT儿童样本中，精神共病也很常见。TD和CVT似乎是同一疾病实体的一部分，TD是更严重的形式。慢性抽动可能是儿童行为和学习困难的一个标志，认识到这些关联对于抽动障碍儿童的护理和治疗至关重要。
