Department of Psychiatry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Razi Hospital, Elgoli Road, Tabriz, Iran.
Arch Iran Med. 2012 Feb;15(2):76-8.
This study estimated the true prevalence of chronic motor and vocal tic disorders, and Tourette's syndrome in students as well as its comorbidity with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
A random clustered sample of elementary students was selected from schools in Tabriz, Iran. Students were screened by Conner's teacher rating scale for ADHD and a detailed history from parents and teachers for the presence of any type of tic was obtained. Next, a clinical interview based on the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL), and an interview with parents lead to the definitive diagnosis.
A total of 1658 children were evaluated. Vocal tic was observed in 3.2% (±SD = 0.02) students, and was more prevalent in boys. ADHD was diagnosed in 45.5% of these students. Motor tic was observed in 7.3% (±SD = 0.02) of students. Almost half (48.1%) of these students had ADHD. Tourette's syndrome was observed in 1.3% (±SD = 0.01), with a male/female ratio of 3.5:1.
This is the first study to provide the prevalence of chronic tics in elementary school students in Iran. ADHD is more common among students with chronic tics and Tourette's syndrome.
本研究旨在估计慢性运动性和发声性抽动障碍及妥瑞氏症在学生中的真实患病率，以及其与注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的共病率。
从伊朗大不里士的学校中抽取了一个随机聚类的小学生样本。通过康纳教师评定量表筛查 ADHD，从家长和教师处获取有关任何类型抽动的详细病史。然后，根据儿童心境障碍和精神分裂症现患及终身定式检查（Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version，K-SADS-PL）进行临床访谈，并对家长进行访谈，从而得出明确的诊断。
共评估了 1658 名儿童。3.2%（±SD=0.02）的学生存在发声性抽动，且男孩中更为常见。这些学生中有 45.5%被诊断为 ADHD。7.3%（±SD=0.02）的学生存在运动性抽动。其中近一半（48.1%）的学生患有 ADHD。妥瑞氏症的患病率为 1.3%（±SD=0.01），男女比例为 3.5:1。
这是伊朗首例关于小学生慢性抽动患病率的研究。ADHD 在患有慢性抽动和妥瑞氏症的学生中更为常见。
