Dzierzbicka Krystyna, Kołodziejczyk Aleksander M
Katedra Chemii Organicznej, Politechnika Gdańska, Gdańsk.
Postepy Biochem. 2006;52(2):204-11.
Adjuvants are essential components of vaccines that augment an immunological reaction of organism. New vaccines based on recombinant proteins and DNA, are more save than traditional vaccines but they are less immunogenic. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of new, improved vaccine adjuvants. There are two classes of adjuvants: vaccine delivery systems (e.g. emulsions, microparticles, immune-stimulating complexes ISCOMs, liposomes) and immunostimulatory adjuvants (e.g. lipopolysaccharide, monophosphoryl lipid A, CpG DNA, or muramylpeptides). The discovery of more potent and safer adjuvants may allow to development better prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines against chronic infectious (e.g., HSV, HIV, HCV, HBV, HPV, or Helicobacter pylori) and noninfectious diseases as multiple sclerosis, insulin-dependent diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, allergy and tumors (e.g., melanoma, breast, or colon cancer).
佐剂是疫苗的重要组成部分，可增强机体的免疫反应。基于重组蛋白和DNA的新型疫苗比传统疫苗更安全，但免疫原性较低。因此，迫切需要开发新型、改良的疫苗佐剂。佐剂有两类：疫苗递送系统（如乳剂、微粒、免疫刺激复合物ISCOM、脂质体）和免疫刺激佐剂（如脂多糖、单磷酰脂质A、CpG DNA或胞壁酰肽）。发现更有效、更安全的佐剂可能有助于开发更好的预防性和治疗性疫苗，以对抗慢性感染性疾病（如单纯疱疹病毒、艾滋病毒、丙型肝炎病毒、乙型肝炎病毒、人乳头瘤病毒或幽门螺杆菌）以及非感染性疾病，如多发性硬化症、胰岛素依赖型糖尿病、类风湿性关节炎、过敏和肿瘤（如黑色素瘤、乳腺癌或结肠癌）。
