Miller Ted R, Zaloshnja Eduard, Hendrie Delia
Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, 11710 Beltsville Dr, Suite 125, Calverton, MD 20705, USA.
Pediatrics. 2006 Nov;118(5):1994-8. doi: 10.1542/peds.2006-1328.
The purpose of this work was to analyze the societal return on investment in booster seats and in laws requiring their use in the United States. Booster seats reduce crash-related injury. Their use is mandatory for vehicle occupants aged 4 to 7 years in most of the United States. This study estimates the injury cost savings attributable to booster seat use.
Seat cost came from pricing on the Web and at retailers. Costs of passing and enforcing a legal mandate were estimated as a percentage of the costs of seat use. Injury risk when belted absent a seat was computed from national probability samples of crashes in the last years before booster seats entered into general use (1993-1999). Published estimates were used of the percentage of reduction in injuries achieved with booster seats, the mix of diagnoses reduced, and injury cost by diagnosis. The computations used a 3% discount rate. We studied the net cost per quality-adjusted life year saved, benefit-cost ratio, and net savings per seat.
A booster seat costs 30 dollars plus 167 dollars for maintenance and time spent on installation and use. This investment saves 1854 dollars per seat, a return on investment of 9.4 to 1. Even lower bound estimates in sensitivity analysis indicated that society would benefit from the use of booster seats. Seat laws offer a return of 8.6 to 1.
Belt-positioning booster seats offer a sound return on investment. Booster seat use laws should be passed, publicized, and enforced nationwide.
本研究旨在分析美国增高座椅以及要求使用增高座椅的法律所带来的社会投资回报。增高座椅可减少与碰撞相关的伤害。在美国大部分地区，4至7岁的乘车人员必须使用增高座椅。本研究估算了因使用增高座椅而节省的伤害成本。
座椅成本来自网络和零售商的定价。通过和执行法律规定的成本估计为座椅使用成本的一定百分比。在增高座椅普遍使用前的最后几年（1993 - 1999年），根据全国碰撞概率样本计算未使用座椅仅系安全带时的受伤风险。使用已发表的关于增高座椅使用后伤害减少的百分比、减少的诊断类型组合以及每种诊断的伤害成本的估计值。计算采用3%的贴现率。我们研究了每挽救一个质量调整生命年的净成本、效益成本比以及每个座椅的净节省金额。
一个增高座椅成本为30美元，加上维护以及安装和使用所花费时间的成本167美元。这项投资每个座椅可节省1854美元，投资回报率为9.4比1。敏感性分析中即使是下限估计也表明社会将从使用增高座椅中受益。关于增高座椅使用的法律回报率为8.6比1。
定位安全带增高座椅提供了良好的投资回报。应在全国范围内通过、宣传并执行增高座椅使用法律。
