de Graaf D C, Alippi A M, Brown M, Evans J D, Feldlaufer M, Gregorc A, Hornitzky M, Pernal S F, Schuch D M T, Titera D, Tomkies V, Ritter W
Laboratory of Zoophysiolgy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Lett Appl Microbiol. 2006 Dec;43(6):583-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2006.02057.x.
Worldwide, American foulbrood (AFB) is the most devastating bacterial disease of the honey bee (Apis mellifera). Because the distinction between AFB and powdery scale disease is no longer considered valid, the pathogenic agent has recently been reclassified as one species Paenibacillus larvae, eliminating the subspecies designations Paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae and Paenibacillus larvae subsp. pulvifaciens. The creamy or dark brown, glue-like larval remains of infected larvae continue to provide the most obvious clinical symptom of AFB, although it is not conclusive. Several sensitive and selective culture media are available for isolation of this spore-forming bacterium, with the type of samples that may be utilized for detection of the organism being further expanded. PCR methods for identification and genotyping of the pathogen have now been extensively developed. Nevertheless, biochemical profiling, bacteriophage sensitivity, immunotechniques and microscopy of suspect bacterial strains are entirely adequate for routine identification purposes.
在全球范围内，美洲幼虫腐臭病（AFB）是蜜蜂（西方蜜蜂）最具毁灭性的细菌性疾病。由于AFB与粉状鳞片病之间的区别不再被认为有效，该病原体最近被重新分类为一个物种——幼虫芽孢杆菌，取消了幼虫芽孢杆菌幼虫亚种和幼虫芽孢杆菌粉状亚种的亚种名称。受感染幼虫呈奶油色或深褐色、类似胶水的幼虫残骸仍是AFB最明显的临床症状，尽管这并非决定性症状。有几种灵敏且具选择性的培养基可用于分离这种形成芽孢的细菌，可用于检测该微生物的样本类型也在进一步扩大。目前已广泛开发出用于该病原体鉴定和基因分型的PCR方法。然而，对可疑细菌菌株进行生化分析、噬菌体敏感性检测、免疫技术和显微镜检查完全足以满足常规鉴定目的。
