Honjo Kaori, Kawakami Norito, Takeshima Tadashi, Tachimori Hisateru, Ono Yutaka, Uda Hidenori, Hata Yukihiro, Nakane Yoshibumi, Nakane Hideyuki, Iwata Noboru, Furukawa Toshiaki A, Watanabe Makoto, Nakamura Yosikazu, Kikkawa Takehiko
Social and Environmental Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka.
J Epidemiol. 2006 Nov;16(6):223-32. doi: 10.2188/jea.16.223.
Few studies have examined social inequalities in self-rated health in Japan, and the issue of gender differences related to social inequalities in self-rated health remains inconclusive.
The data derived from interviews with 2987 randomly selected Japanese adults in four prefectures in Japan who completed the cross-national World Mental Health survey from 2002 through 2005. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) of having poor self-rated physical and mental health by two social class indicators independently with multivariate logistic regression models, adjusted for age, gender, marital status, and area. Stratified analyses by gender and age group were also conducted.
The adjusted ORs of the lowest educational attainment category having poor self-rated physical and mental health were 1.42 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15-1.76) and 1.37 (95% CI: 1.10-1.70), respectively. Among females, educational attainment had significant linear associations with self-rated physical and mental health. Adjusted household income was also significantly associated with self-rated physical health among female respondents. No associations were found among males. While educational attainment was associated with self-rated health among the young age group, adjusted household income was associated with self-rated physical health in the middle and old age group.
These results indicated social inequalities in self-rated health and prominent social inequalities in self-rated health among females in Japan. Social inequalities in self-rated health seemed to exist across age groups. However, the mechanism of social inequalities in self-rated health could be different depending on the age group.
很少有研究考察日本自评健康方面的社会不平等，与自评健康方面社会不平等相关的性别差异问题仍无定论。
数据来自于对日本四个县随机抽取的2987名成年日本人的访谈，这些人完成了2002年至2005年的跨国世界心理健康调查。我们使用多变量逻辑回归模型，独立通过两个社会阶层指标计算自评身心健康状况较差的比值比（OR），并对年龄、性别、婚姻状况和地区进行了调整。还按性别和年龄组进行了分层分析。
受教育程度最低类别自评身心健康状况较差的调整后OR分别为1.42（95%置信区间[CI]：1.15 - 1.76）和1.37（95%CI：1.10 - 1.70）。在女性中，受教育程度与自评身心健康有显著的线性关联。调整后的家庭收入在女性受访者中也与自评身体健康显著相关。在男性中未发现关联。虽然在年轻年龄组中受教育程度与自评健康相关，但在中年和老年组中调整后的家庭收入与自评身体健康相关。
这些结果表明日本存在自评健康方面的社会不平等，且女性中自评健康方面的社会不平等尤为突出。自评健康方面的社会不平等似乎存在于各个年龄组。然而，自评健康方面社会不平等的机制可能因年龄组而异。
