Schneider Darryl W, Logan Gordon D
Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37203, USA.
J Exp Psychol Gen. 2006 Nov;135(4):623-40. doi: 10.1037/0096-3445.135.4.623.
Hierarchical control of cognitive processes was studied by examining the relationship between sequence- and task-level processing in the performance of explicit, memorized task sequences. In 4 experiments, switch costs in task-switching performance were perturbed by sequence initiation times that varied with sequence complexity, preparation time, and type of sequence transition (repetition or switch). Hierarchical control was inferred from these sequence initiation time effects and the recurrent finding of no switch cost at the first serial position across sequences, the point at which sequence-level processes are likely active in maintaining or instantiating a hierarchical control structure in working memory. These findings resonate with past research on motor programs and serial memory and provide new insights into the concepts of task set and control.
通过研究显性记忆任务序列执行过程中序列水平和任务水平加工之间的关系，对认知过程的分层控制进行了研究。在4个实验中，任务切换表现中的切换成本受到序列启动时间的干扰，序列启动时间随序列复杂性、准备时间和序列转换类型（重复或切换）而变化。从这些序列启动时间效应以及跨序列在第一个序列位置没有切换成本这一反复出现的发现中推断出分层控制，在这个位置，序列水平的过程可能在工作记忆中维持或实例化分层控制结构时处于活跃状态。这些发现与过去关于运动程序和序列记忆的研究相呼应，并为任务集和控制的概念提供了新的见解。
