Denton Stephen E, Kruschke John K
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, 1101 E. 10th St., Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7007, USA.
Learn Behav. 2006 Aug;34(3):285-304. doi: 10.3758/bf03192884.
The associative learning effect called blocking has previously been found in many cue-competition paradigms where all cues are of equal salience. Previous research by Hall, Mackintosh, Goodall,and dal Martello (1977) found that, in animals, salient cues were less likely to be blocked. Crucially, they also found that when the to-be-blocked cue was highly salient, the blocking cue would lose some control over responding. The present article extends these findings to humans and suggests that shifts in attention can explain the apparent loss of control by the previously learned cue. A connectionist model that implements attentional learning is shown to fit the main trends in the data. Model comparisons suggest that mere forgetting, implemented as weight decay, cannot explain the results.
之前在许多所有线索显著性相同的线索竞争范式中都发现了被称为“阻塞”的联想学习效应。霍尔、麦金托什、古道尔和达尔·马泰洛（1977年）之前的研究发现，在动物中，显著性高的线索不太可能被阻塞。至关重要的是，他们还发现，当待阻塞线索的显著性很高时，阻塞线索对反应的控制会减弱。本文将这些发现扩展到了人类，并表明注意力的转移可以解释先前学习的线索明显失去控制的现象。一个实施注意力学习的联结主义模型被证明符合数据的主要趋势。模型比较表明，以权重衰减形式实现的单纯遗忘无法解释这些结果。
