Crompton Graham
Prim Care Respir J. 2006 Dec;15(6):326-31. doi: 10.1016/j.pcrj.2006.09.002. Epub 2006 Nov 7.
This year is the 50th anniversary of the introduction into clinical use of the first modern inhaler for the management of asthma--the pressurised metered-dose inhaler (pMDI). The pMDI was initially used for the administration of the non-selective beta-agonists adrenaline and isoprenaline. However, the epidemic of asthma deaths which occurred in the 1960s led to these drugs being superseded by the selective short-acting beta-agonist salbutamol, and the first inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) beclomethasone. At the same time, sodium cromoglycate was introduced, to be administered via the first dry-powder inhaler--the Spinhaler--but owing to its relatively weak anti-inflammatory action its use is now very limited. Over the last 10 years, the long-acting beta-agonists (LABAs) have become an important add-on therapy for the management of asthma, and they are now often used with ICS in a single ICS/LABA combination inhaler.
今年是首款用于治疗哮喘的现代吸入器——压力定量吸入器（pMDI）临床应用50周年。pMDI最初用于施用非选择性β受体激动剂肾上腺素和异丙肾上腺素。然而，20世纪60年代发生的哮喘死亡流行导致这些药物被选择性短效β受体激动剂沙丁胺醇和首款吸入性糖皮质激素（ICS）倍氯米松所取代。与此同时，色甘酸钠被引入，通过首款干粉吸入器——Spinhaler进行给药，但由于其抗炎作用相对较弱，其使用现在非常有限。在过去10年中，长效β受体激动剂（LABA）已成为哮喘管理的重要附加疗法，现在它们经常与ICS一起用于单一的ICS/LABA联合吸入器中。
