Morrens Manuel, Hulstijn Wouter, Sabbe Bernard
Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute, Building A, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
Schizophr Bull. 2007 Jul;33(4):1038-53. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbl051. Epub 2006 Nov 8.
Psychomotor slowing (PS) is a cluster of symptoms that was already recognized in schizophrenia by its earliest investigators. Nevertheless, few studies have been dedicated to the clarification of the nature and the role of the phenomenon in this illness. Moreover, slowed psychomotor functioning is often not clearly delineated from reduced processing speed. The current, first review of all existing literature on the subject discusses the key findings. Firstly, PS is a clinically observable feature that is most frequently established by neuropsychological measures assessing speed of fine movements such as writing or tasks that require rapid fingertip manipulations or the maintenance of maximal speed over brief periods of time in manual activities. Moreover, the slowed performance on the various psychomotor measures has been demonstrated independent of medication and has also been found to be associated with negative symptoms and, to a lesser extent, with positive and depressive symptoms. Importantly, performance on the psychomotor tasks proved related to the patients' social, clinical, and functional outcomes. Several imaging studies showed slowed performance to coincide with dopaminergic striatal activity. Finally, conventional neuroleptics do not improve the patients' PS symptoms, in contrast to the atypical agents that do seem to produce modestly improving effects.
精神运动迟缓（PS）是一组症状，最早的研究者在精神分裂症中就已认识到这一点。然而，很少有研究致力于阐明该现象在这种疾病中的本质和作用。此外，精神运动功能的减慢往往与加工速度的降低没有明确区分。目前，对该主题所有现有文献的首次综述讨论了关键发现。首先，PS是一种临床上可观察到的特征，最常通过神经心理学测量来确定，这些测量评估精细运动的速度，如书写或需要快速指尖操作的任务，或在手工活动中短时间内保持最大速度的任务。此外，各种精神运动测量中的表现减慢已被证明与药物无关，并且还被发现与阴性症状相关，在较小程度上与阳性和抑郁症状相关。重要的是，精神运动任务的表现被证明与患者的社会、临床和功能结果相关。几项影像学研究表明，表现减慢与多巴胺能纹状体活动一致。最后，与似乎确实产生适度改善效果的非典型药物相比，传统抗精神病药物并不能改善患者的PS症状。
